CAS BI 315 Lecture 1: Tissue Types

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I. Physiology
A. Study of how living organisms function
B. How anatomical structure is suited for function
C. How different parts have integrated functions
D. Physiology - study of healthy organisms, we will occasionally look at disease
states (pathophysiology)
II. Review
A. Organisms divided into
1. Organ systems (urinary system)
2. Organs (kidney)
3. Functional unit of organ (nephron)
a) Smallest unit that retains the characteristics of the organ
b) Muscle = organ; single muscle fiber still is able to contract
4. Tissue (epithelial tissue)
5. Cell (individual epithelial cell)
6. Organelle (mitochondrion)
B. Cells
1. Make up tissues
2. Go through divisions and growth
3. Differentiation = specialized cell types that make up the tissues
a) Epithelial cells
(1) Make up organs
b) Connective cells
(1) Manufacturers of fibers - weave things together
c) Neuron cells
d) Muscle cells
III. Four Tissue Types
A. Epithelium
1. Protection, secretion, absorption
2. Barrier to diffusion/osmosis
3. Found lining the inside of every organ, vessel, etc
4. Found as outermost layer of skin
5. Anchored by basement membrane (connective tissue)
a) Epithelium and then usually connective under
b) Epithelium are avascular - have no blood vessels
(1) So need to have close access to connective tissue to have
close access to blood
(2) Space inside hollow structure is called lumen
6. Polar - have 2 distinct sides
a) Apical (free side)
b) Basal (anchored side)
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