CAS SO 215 Lecture Notes - Lecture 15: Separate Spheres, Chiropractic, Quasi
8 May 2018
School
Department
Course
Professor
I. Medical school education
A. Med school not only teaches knowledge and skills but also values (it also
socializes)
B. Socialization
1. Process by which a person becomes a member of a group or society and
acquires values, attitudes, beliefs, behavior patterns and a sense of social
identity
II. CLassification of “subordinated progessions”
A. ancillary /other mainstream (function solely under MD direction and prescription)
1. nurses , physical therapists, clinical pharmacists
a) Nursing
(1) In 19th c, us nursing considered extension
b) Struggle for professional status: Rise of nursing
(1) Separate spheres
(2) Emphasis on caring and duty
c) Struggle to professionalize
(1) Rooted in women’s naturally caring dispositions
(a) Limited their ability to professionalize
(2) Nursing schools provided source of cheap labor to the
hospitals, and edication was secondary to patient care
(a) In 1912, almost half of the schools had neither paid
instrictors nor libraries
(3) Increased status bu
(a) Increasinf education requirements
(b) Carving outniches with less compeition
(c) Nurse midwives
B. Limited (in the part or function of the body treated and in the range of therapies
used)
1. Dentists, podiatrists, optometrists, psychologists, speech therapists,
midwives
a) Embrace medical definitions of illmess, recognize physicians as
final arbiters of siagnoses and treatment
b) But accept patients independent of physician diagnosis, referral pr
supervision
C. Marginal
1. Ostep[aths (no longer marginal but absorbed in the mainstream,
chiropractor (no longer marginal but limited, naturopaths, herbalists,
acupuncturists, lay midwives
a) Accept patients independent of medical referrals (though can refer
patients to MDs)
b) Practice alternative theories of illeness and healing
c) Remain in considerble opposition with mainstream medicine
D. Quasi practitioners (non-medical healers that use methods not subject to
empirical varification)
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