CAS NE 102 Lecture Notes - Lecture 12: Phospholipid, Salivary Gland, Cholera Toxin
20 Jul 2016
School
Department
Course
Professor
Document Summary
Cell signaling: how an extracellular molecule can signal specific intracellular molecular changes in different cells. Signal transduction: one type of signal is converted into another (extracellular signal molecule converted into an intracellular signaling molecule) Signals can act over a long or short range. Pic: a) endocrine: hormones produced in endocrine glands are secreted into the bloodstream and are distributed widely throughout the body. B) paracrine: paracrine signals are released by cells into the extracellular fluid in their neighborhood and act locally. C) synaptic: neuronal signals are transmitted electrically along a nerve cell axon. When this electrical signal reaches the nerve terminal, it causes the release of neurotransmitters onto adjacent target cells. D) contact-dependent signaling: a cell-surface-bound signal molecule binds to a receptor protein on an adjacent cell (no secretion) contact-dependent signaling controls nerve-cell production in the fruit fly. The fly nervous system originates in the embryo from a sheet of epithelial cells.
