SAR SH 522 Lecture Notes - Lecture 19: Substantia Nigra, Dysarthria, Facial Nerve Paralysis
4 Dec 2018
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Document Summary
Dysarthria: a speech disorder resulting from paralysis, muscular weakness, and discoordination of the speech musculature. There are many different kinds of dysarthria based on the area of damage in the brain. Can result from cn damage: cn vii damage (facial paralysis) or cn v damage (mandibular paralysis/ weakness in the muscles of mastication) Symptoms: muscles weakness, low tone, reduced or absent re exes. Speech characteristics: breathiness, diplophonia, audible inspiration, hyper nasality, short phrasing, slurred speech. Arises from bilateral umn damage of the pyramidal and extrapyramidal motor pathways. Inability to execute skilled movements (paralysis) and muscle weakness. Results from damage to the cerebellum and/or brainstem. Dif culty coordinating rate, range, and force of movement. Results from damage to the sub thalamic nucleus huntington"s disease. Tics rapid movements of the speech musculature. Tremors rhythmic contrations of the muscles. Dystonia involuntary movements to a posture. Involuntary movements of the law, face and tongue.
