GRC 211 Lecture Notes - Lecture 1: Cellulose Fiber, Hollander Beater, Calendering
28 May 2017
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Document Summary
Slice stem of plant to create paper structure. Plants, bushes, tree trunks, shrubs broken down. Pieces are cooked; chemicals used to extract fibers from pieces. Fiber mixed with water, then formed on a frame/screen. Screens are heated for paper to dry. Pieces of paper cut to size and distributed. 12th century: papermaking technology arrived in europe. Wire section: moving wire to collect fiber and drain water. Watermark added when paper is still wet. Drying section: uses steam and pressure to dry paper. Calendering section: compresses paper to proper thickness; smooths paper. Before papermaking process, water+fiber mixture has 99. 5% water. Before wood, rags were primary source of fiber. 98% of fiber for paper comes from wood. Fiber length: longer fiber length = stronger paper. When dried, forms a strong bond with one another. Has longer fiber length (compared to hardwood fiber) Has shorter fiber length (compared to softwood fiber) Results in bulkier, more uniform, more opaque (low opacity) paper.
