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WGS 100 Lecture 3: WGS 100-Week 3 Notes

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School
CMU
Department
Women and Gender Studies
Course
WGS 100
Professor
Jo Ellen De Lucia

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Document Summary

Sex: what you are born as (male/female) 1. 5% of people are born as intersex. Sex assignment- the sex you are born as. Gender: what you (cid:862)(cid:271)ehave as(cid:863) or (cid:272)hoose to (cid:271)e or associate yourself with. Gender identity- a persons gendered sense of self (the pronouns that you choose) Cisgender- congruence between there gender identity and gender assignment (cis= same) Transgender- people who have a lack of congruence between their gender identity and gender assignment (trans= across) Heterosexual-attracted to those of the opposite gender. The way we think about gender is social constructed. Alternative explanations- biological determination, genetic, evolutionary reasons, etc. Psychoanalytic moral development with relationships to other, particularly your family (freud)- individual development. Institution: social arrangements (so(cid:272)iety"s way of organizing itself) that has survived over the years a(cid:374)d have (cid:271)e(cid:272)o(cid:373)e (cid:862)(cid:374)or(cid:373)alized(cid:863) so that we forget that they are only one possible way of organizing a situation.

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Related Questions

1- Different forms of spectator violence have different causes and dynamics. Identify these differences as you describe and make distinctions between panics, celebratory riots, and frustration riots.

2- The use of intimidation as a strategy is now common in certain sports. Explain why this has occurred and provide examples to show how athletes use intimidation as a strategy. Also explain what can be done to control the use of this strategy

3- What is the argument used by the author when he says that there is a need for alternative definitions of masculinity and femininity? How would alternative definitions benefit men and women? Give examples from the text and from your experience. Who would be most likely to resist changes in the way gender has traditionally been defined in society?

4- Before the passage of Title IX in 1971, most female athletes were seen as invaders of male territory, and they were marginalized and not taken seriously. That doesn't occur today except in sports that are lined with manhood and masculinity. Identify three sports in which female athletes continue to be marginalized and not taken seriously. What do these sports have in common, and how long will it be before women are acknowledged as serious participants in them?

5- Transgender and intersex persons provide a direct challenge to the gender segregation that pervades sports. Explain how they are forcing sport organizations to qualify or change their policies related to gender and gender segregation, and identify the changes that you think will be most helpful in achieving full gender inclusion in sports.

Meadow voles differ from prairie voles in that they:

a.

are not monogamous.
b.

show preference for a single partner if the AVPR1A gene is blocked.
c.

release vasopressin but not oxytocin.
d.

release oxytocin but not vasopressin.

5 points

Question 2

Painful events are detected by:

a.

Free nerve endings.
b.

Merkel's disks.
c.

Meissner's corpuscles.
d.

Pacinian corpuscles.

5 points

Question 3

It has been found that:

a.

Language memory is stored near Broca's area.
b.

Identifying pictures of hand tools uses memories stored in the left temporal lobe and hand motor areas.
c.

Identifying the color of an object requires memories stored in the temporal lobe.
d.

All of the above.

5 points

Question 4

Sex is considered to be a form of ___ behavior.

a.

chaotic
b.

motivated
c.

learned
d.

innate

5 points

Question 5

A difference between Einstein's brain and the average brain is that:

a.

It was larger in size.
b.

It was lighter in weight.
c.

There were more neurons.
d.

There was no difference.

5 points

Question 6

The individual in the opening chapter vignette lost virtually all motor control because the control of our muscles and, hence, our limbs and bodies is heavily influenced by and has to be integrated with our ___.

a.

proprioception sense
b.

vestibular sense
c.

skin senses
d.

visceral sense

5 points

Question 7

Which cortical area is most important for maintaining information in working memory when a distracting stimulus is introduced?

a.

Temporal lobe.
b.

Parietal lobe.
c.

Prefrontal cortex.
d.

All of the above.

5 points

Question 8

The anxiolytics that have the highest abuse and addiction potentials are:

a.

Barbiturates.
b.

SNRIs.
c.

Benzodiazepines.
d.

Tricyclics.

5 points

Question 9

If your grandfather suffered a stroke in his left prefrontal cortex, in what ability would he likely be most impaired?

a.

Working out a complicated math problem in his head.
b.

Wondering what the capital city of Nevada is.
c.

Playing the piano.
d.

Quickly telling you the value of 3x3.

5 points

Question 10

Major depression:

a.

Can usually be explained by exposure to prolonged stress.
b.

Always consists of decreased physical activity.
c.

Generally appears after midlife.
d.

None of the above.

5 points

Question 11

According to your text, one of the reasons that some psychologists question the diagnosis of dissociative identity disorder is that:

a.

Symptoms seem to come and go.
b.

The symptoms are not consistent across diagnosing psychologists.
c.

The number of diagnosed cases increased from 500 to 5000 over a period of six years.
d.

They believe it is a popular diagnosis due to movies such as The Three Faces of Eve.

5 points

Question 12

When the differences in body size are accounted for, the average male's brain is ___ than the average female's brain.

a.

heavier
b.

lighter
c.

the same size
d.

the same ratio

5 points

Question 13

All of the following make it difficult to determine if there are gender-related differences in behavior and cognition except:

a.

The results show evidence for strong differences, but people do not want to accept them.
b.

Different researchers tend measure the same characteristic in different ways.
c.

The differences that exist are relatively small.
d.

People tend to talk to children dressed as boys or girls in different, subtle ways.

5 points

Question 14

The leading environmental cause of intellectual disability is:

a.

Maternal alcoholism.
b.

Rubella.
c.

Prenatal exposure to virus.
d.

Early infancy exposure to viruses.

5 points

Question 15

Antipsychotic medicines have come to be known as ___, which means ___.

a.

psycholeptics; to have antipsychotic effects
b.

neuroleptics; to have anti-neurosis effects
c.

neuroleptics; to seize control of a neuron
d.

psycholeptics; to seize control of a psychosis

5 points

Question 16

Using classical conditioning to pair a loud boat horn with presenting a blue slide, researchers found that with:

a.

Hippocampus damage, conditioning occurred even though the subjects could not describe what was learned.
b.

Amygdala damage, conditioning occurred even though the subjects could not describe what was learned.
c.

Hippocampus damage, no conditioning occurred but subjects could describe the procedure.
d.

None of the above.

5 points

Question 17

In the most famous case of Ablatio penis, where a young boy with XY chromosomes had his penis destroyed during a circumcision,

a.

the child (Bruce) was born as a hermaphrodite and the decision was made to rear him as a girl (Brenda).
b.

Money counseled the parents that by rearing the child (Bruce) as a girl, “she” (Brenda) would accept a female gender identity.
c.

the child lost both testicles, which was the source for all of the male-specific hormones in “her” body.
d.

Money showed that the “neutral-at-birth” position was in fact correct.

5 points

Question 18

The method of introspection is seldom used in today's research because:

a.

Machines were developed that were more accurate.
b.

It was found to be too subjective.
c.

It required too much training to produce accurate results.
d.

All of the above.

5 points

Question 19

Both Parkinson's disease and Huntington's disease produce damage to:

a.

Declarative memory.
b.

Nondeclarative memory.
c.

Memory of Lincoln’s birthplace.
d.

Memory of what you had for breakfast.

5 points

Question 20

Lucid dreamers:

a.

Show characteristics of being both awake and asleep.
b.

Can control the content of their dreams.
c.

Know that they are dreaming.
d.

All of the above.

Meadow voles differ from prairie voles in that they:

The individual in the opening chapter vignette lost virtually all motor control because the control of our muscles and, hence, our limbs and bodies is heavily influenced by and has to be integrated with our ___. a. proprioception sense b. vestibular sense c. skin senses d. visceral sense . 5 points Question 7 Which cortical area is most important for maintaining information in working memory when a distracting stimulus is introduced? a. Temporal lobe. b. Parietal lobe. c. Prefrontal cortex. d. All of the above. . 5 points Question 8 The anxiolytics that have the highest abuse and addiction potentials are: a. Barbiturates. b. SNRIs. c. Benzodiazepines. d. Tricyclics. . 5 points Question 9 If your grandfather suffered a stroke in his left prefrontal cortex, in what ability would he likely be most impaired? a. Working out a complicated math problem in his head. b. Wondering what the capital city of Nevada is. c. Playing the piano. d. Quickly telling you the value of 3x3. . 5 points Question 10 Major depression: a. Can usually be explained by exposure to prolonged stress. b. Always consists of decreased physical activity. c. Generally appears after midlife. d. None of the above. . 5 points Question 11 According to your text, one of the reasons that some psychologists question the diagnosis of dissociative identity disorder is that: a. Symptoms seem to come and go. b. The symptoms are not consistent across diagnosing psychologists. c. The number of diagnosed cases increased from 500 to 5000 over a period of six years. d. They believe it is a popular diagnosis due to movies such as The Three Faces of Eve. . 5 points Question 12 When the differences in body size are accounted for, the average male's brain is ___ than the average female's brain. a. heavier b. lighter c. the same size d. the same ratio . 5 points Question 13 All of the following make it difficult to determine if there are gender-related differences in behavior and cognition except: a. The results show evidence for strong differences, but people do not want to accept them. b. Different researchers tend measure the same characteristic in different ways. c. The differences that exist are relatively small. d. People tend to talk to children dressed as boys or girls in different, subtle ways.