7 Dec 2020
School
Department
Course
Professor
16 – Swine Nutrition
• Nutrients required by swine
o Pigs are simple-stomached animals
▪ No aid from microorganisms in stomach – rely largely on
NFC (non-fiber carbohydrates)
▪ Fibrous components are not utilized efficiently
o Unlike ruminants, cannot synthesize the essential AA from poor-
quality protein or from non-protein nitrogen (NPN) sources
▪ Need to incorporate more grains into a pig’s diet
o Essential AA (amino acids) in protein are important to pigs
• Digestion tract in pigs
o
▪ Liver continuously secretes pile
2
▪ Bile salts are store in gallbladder
▪ Lots of enzyme created in pancreas
▪ Chemical digestion in stomach
▪ Intestinal digestion occurs mostly in small intestine (mostly
duodenum)
▪ High amount of anaerobic fermentation (like starch) will
get fermented at cecum/colon
• Swine Life Cycle
o
▪ 3 months 3 weeks 3 days = 114 days of gestation
▪ 21-day lactation after birth
▪ Weanling go to nursery for ~ 25 days (until they reach 50
lbs)
▪ Grow out groups – 50 to 250 lbs
▪ Some go to market, some become replacement gilts to
become sows (have babies of their own)
3
▪
• 5-day rebreeding which leads to 140-day farrowing
interval
• Results in potentially 2.6 litters/year x 12 weaned
pigs/sow = 31.2 pigs weaned per sow per years
o Gilts have about 5 less pigs/year
o Production sequence
▪ Breeding: 7-8 months
▪ Gestation: 3m 3w 3d
▪ Farrowing: 10-11 months
▪ Nursery: 21 days – weanling 21 to 50 days
▪ Grow out: 40 days to 25 weeks (5-6 months)
• Nutrient requirements
o NRC 2012
o Quantify biology of animals
▪ Determine & adjust requirement
• Feed intake
o Grow-finish
o Lactation
• Production level
o Grow-finish
▪ ADG
▪ Lean growth rate