BIOL-2230 Lecture Notes - Lecture 14: Natural Killer Cell, Autoimmune Disease, T Cell
Tuesday, March 13, 2018
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BIOL 2230: Anatomy II, Test 3 (Lecture 14, Immune
System and Respiratory System)
Cell-Mediated Immune Response
- T cell binds with antigen on infected cell
• Binding activates the T cell and will result in T cells targeting altered self-cells
- Co-stimulatory signals are present
• The second binding signal secretion of co-stimulatory will activate the T lymphocyte
- T cell is activated
- Clones are produced
• Some of these will become memory cells
T Cells
- There are 4 different types: Helper and cytotoxic only differ by glycoprotein markers
• Natural killer cells (nonspecific)
• Helper cells: CD4 glycoprotein markers
• Cytotoxic cells: CD8 glycoprotein markers
• Suppressory cells
T Cell Activators
- There are 2 classes of MHC (self-antigens) alterations
• Class I MHC protein-linked antigens
- Endogenous cause (our body’s fault)
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Tuesday, March 13, 2018
2
- CD8 will attack (cytotoxic)
• Class II MHC protein-linked antigens
- Exogenous (foreign source of alteration)
- CD4 attacks to help the macrophage kill it
Antigen Binding
- T cell antigen receptors bind to antigen-MHC complex (first binding)
Co-Stimulators
- T cell binding to other receptors on APC, cytokines, and interleukins
• This is the second binding
• Stimulates the T cell
- Each promotes a different response
Types of T Cells
- Cytotoxic T cells (CD8)
• Go after our body cells that are cancerous or infected by a virus
• They secrete perforins
• Go after Class I MHCs and will cause lysing
- Helper T cells (CD4)
• Go after macrophages that have consumed bacteria
• UNDERSTAND: they do not kill anything, they just signal/activate other cells to
- Suppressor T cells
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Tuesday, March 13, 2018
3
• Shut off immune response (T and B cells)
Immune Disorders
- Immunodeficiencies: don’t have enough immune cells
- Autoimmune disease: When our body loses the ability to distinguish self from non-
self, and attacks healthy self-cells
- Hypersensitivities
• Allergies
• Typically a response to an allergen will not activate the immune system unless you
have a hypersensitivity
Immunodeficiencies
- Severe combined immunodeficiency syndrome (SCIDS)
• Genetic abnormality
• Missing DNA and can’t code for B or T cells (they don’t have the enzymes to create
the code)
- Acquired immunodeficiency (AIDS)
• Stems from the HIV virus
• HIV will attack T cells and eliminates them
Autoimmune Diseases
- Multiple sclerosis
• Immune cells attack white matter (myelin) of the brain
- Slows neural conduction
- Myasthenia gravis
find more resources at oneclass.com
find more resources at oneclass.com
Document Summary
Biol 2230: anatomy ii, test 3 (lecture 14, immune. T cell binds with antigen on infected cell: binding activates the t cell and will result in t cells targeting altered self-cells. Co-stimulatory signals are present: the second binding signal secretion of co-stimulatory will activate the t lymphocyte. Clones are produced: some of these will become memory cells. There are 4 different types: helper and cytotoxic only differ by glycoprotein markers: natural killer cells (nonspecific, helper cells: cd4 glycoprotein markers, cytotoxic cells: cd8 glycoprotein markers, suppressory cells. There are 2 classes of mhc (self-antigens) alterations: class i mhc protein-linked antigens. Cd8 will attack (cytotoxic: class ii mhc protein-linked antigens. Cd4 attacks to help the macrophage kill it. T cell antigen receptors bind to antigen-mhc complex (first binding) T cell binding to other receptors on apc, cytokines, and interleukins: this is the second binding, stimulates the t cell.
