Enzymes, chemical reactions, how enzymes lower activation energy, specific enzymatic reactions (enolase, lysozyme)

Lecture 5What are enzymesDefine the termsAn enzyme is a biomolecule that catalyzes a specific biochemical reactionCatalysis is the process of increasing biochemical reaction rates using a molecule catalyst not found in the reaction itselfCatalysts are not consumedCofactor an inorganic ion required for activityCoenzyme an organic molecule required for activityChemical reactionsWhat determines the rate of a chemical reactionLooking at reactionsthinking about electron distributionYou cant tell anything about reaction rate based on how exergonic or endergonic it isSo what does determine the rate of a reactionTransition state intermediate an activated form of a molecule in which the molecule has undergone partial electron redistributionDenoted by double dagger Reactants must be activated and gain free energy to reach transition stateActivation energy G is the energy required to reach the transition state Magnitude determines reaction rateReflects probability of transition state to formGuncatactivation energy of uncatalyzed reactionLooking at forward and backward rates of a reactioncan determined Keq roughlyActivation energy determines reaction rateHigh Glow rate low Ghigh rate