Cranium, cavities, sinuses, articulations, internal anatomy

10 October Lab exam thorax/abdomen/pelvis 38/50 = 77% 157 A/B Lecture exam 41/50 = 82% 188 A/B 79% overall average Zinjanthropus 1.75 million High eye sockets in skull Small brain Australopithecus africanus Homo erectus .5 – 2 million Neanderthal 30K - .5 million Frontal lobes of cerebrum grown Cranial vault grown Cranium = skull Neurocranium (bones surrounding brain, cranial vault) Named for lobes of brain next to Viscerocranium (face) Neurocranium Unpaired bones – frontal, occipital, sphenoid, ethmoid Paired bones – parietal, temporal Viscerocranium Unpaired – mandible, vomer Paired – maxillary, palatine, zygomatic, nasal, lacrimal, conchae “Cheek bones” – zygomatic, frontal, temporal Cavities of the skull Orbital – eye Nasal – nose Cranial – brain Middle ear – ossicles Sinuses of the skull All are paranasal (reside on either side of nasal cavity) Lighten weight of skull, resonance of voice, thermoregulation of brain? All communicate with nasal cavity Frontal (reside above eyes, in frontal bone) Maxillary (superior to upper arcade of teeth) Sphenoid (inferior to pituitary gland) Ethmoidal Articulations Nonmovable (fibrous) – sutures Sagittal (frontal to occipital, joints parietal bones) Coronal (frontal from parietal) Lamboid (parietal from occipital) Separated in infant Soft spots – fontanelles Anterior (closes after 2 – 3 years) and posterior (