BMS 420 Lecture Notes - Shortness Of Breath, Snoring, Central Chemoreceptors

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3 Apr 2014
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Blood gas analysis (pao2; paco2) and blood ph are the best overall tests of lung function. Not necessarily since the individual could be hyperventilating to decrease the paco2 to normal! Oximetry measures % saturation between hemoglobin and oxygen, not pao2. Henderson-hasselbach equation and its importance: analysis of acid-base status of blood for the bicarbonate buffer system. If the ratio of bicarbonate to co2 is 20, the ph will be 7. 4 (normal) Compensations brought about by the lungs or kidneys help maintain this ratio. The 4 possible alterations in a-b balance are respiratory acidosis, respiratory alkalosis, metabolic acidosis, metabolic alkalosis. Respiratory defects are brought about by alterations in ventilation whereas metabolic defects are due to a gain or loss of either hydrogen or bicarbonate ions. Cause can be acids in blood due to diabetes mellitus or tissue hypoxia (increase in lactic acid)

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