LIFE 210 Lecture Notes - Ion Channel, Guanylyl Cyclase, Saccharomyces Cerevisiae

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30 Mar 2014
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Communication between cells is mediated mainly by extracellular signaling molecules. Extracellular signal molecule receptor protein intracellular signaling proteins effector proteins. Budding yeast saccharomyces cerevisiae: a well-studied model system. They are unicellular eukaryotes but they communicate extensively. Animals have more complex signaling systems but they are similar between different species (worms, flies, and mammals) Different kinds of signaling molecules: proteins, small peptides, amino acids, nucleotides, steroids, retinoids, fatty acid derivatives, &c. Receptors in the target cell bind the signal molecules and initiate a response. Extracellular signal molecules can act over short or long distances. Long range signaling by endocrine cells and neurons. Extracellular signals can act slowly or rapidly to change the behavior of a target cell. Changes in proteins already present can be fast. Cells are programmed to respond to a combination of extracellular signals. Each cell type displays a particular set of receptors to respond to the corresponding set of signals.

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