MIP 343 Lecture Notes - Dendritic Cell, Monocyte, B Cell

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lemondog142

11 May 2014

School

CSU

Department

Microbio, Immun, Pathology

Course

MIP 343

Professor

Alan Schenkel

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Document Summary

Grow in different cell type or creature naturally attenuated. Inactivated (killed) c. diphtheria and c. tetani + pertussis toxoid subunits. Old vaccine was inactivated: pertussis side effects included seizures, elevated. Children: inactivated b cell response attenuated . Flumist (live, attenuated, infects nasal epithelium localized immune response), intradermal (live, attenuated), intramuscular (inactivated/killed) The pathogenic virus is isolated from a patient and grown in human cultured cells. The cultured virus is used to infect monkey cells. The virus acquires many mutations that allow it to grow well in monkey cells. The virus no longer grows well in human cells (it is attenuated) and can be used as a vaccine. Either mutate virulence gene or delete virulence gene. If virulence gene is deleted, the vaccine may be less immunogenic. Something used to activate the danger signals from a vaccine. Old, used for decades before finding how it works. Oil-in-water emulsion with muramyldidpeptide (mdp), a constituent of mycobacteria.

Related Questions

Match the vaccine type with the appropriate description: attenuated whole-agent vaccine, conjugated vaccine, inactivated whole-agent vaccine, nucleic acid vaccine, subunit vaccine, and toxoid. Be sure to include the question text with your answers.

Composed of an inactivated toxin; tetanus vaccine is an example:
Highly effective, but carries more risk of back-mutation into a virulent form:
Uses microbes that have been killed by formalin or phenol:
Newest vaccines, using naked DNA:
Use only antigenic fragments of a microorganism:
Polysaccharides combined with proteins; Haemophilus influenzae type b is an example:

plumeagle724

rank the subsequent 5 human-infecting viruses from 'Mostdisease-causing' to 'Least disease-causing' (i.e."1" being mostdisease causing, "5" least disease causing).
**Explain Why Please**

-A virus containing genes that all have a promoter which is turnedon only by human transcription factors that normally promote musclegrowth.
-A virus with all outer epitopes similar to natural humanepitopes.
-A virus that destroys all dendritic cells and can survive inairborne saliva particles.
-A virus that inserts DNA randomly into the genome but must insertits DNA specifically at the beginning of the host RNA polymerasegene in order to create new viral particles.
-A virus that cannot be bound by free antibodies but that, uponinfecting cells, always presents a unique protein epitope on theinfected-cell surface.

rubysnail635

1. It is well documented that antibody affinities for an immunizing antigen continue to increase upon successive rounds of immunization (i.e., secondary, tertiary, etc.). This is due to the fact that:
A. At each round of immunization, new naive B cells are recruited into the response.
B. At each round of immunization, the expression of AID increases, leading to higher rates of somatic hypermutation.
C. Memory B cells express higher levels of AID than naive B cells, leading to higher rates of somatic hypermutation.
D. Memory B cells can re-enter germinal centers and undergo
additional somatic hypermutation.
E. At each round of immunization, germinal centers become larger
and have increased numbers of B cells in them.

2. The US Department of Health and Human Services has a stated goal for the seasonal influenza vaccine of vaccinating 80% of healthy (i.e., low-risk) individuals. This vaccine is formulated each year from the serotypes of influenza likely to be circulating in the population during the coming flu season. The reason this goal is not 100% of individuals is because:
A. It is not feasible to expect 100% of healthy individuals to get the flu vaccine every year.
B. Individuals who had the flu vaccine the year before will already be protected.
C. Individuals who are healthy need not be too concerned about getting infected with flu.
D. Healthy individuals are unlikely to spread the virus to others.
E. Unvaccinated individuals are protected when 80% of people
around them are vaccinated.

3. Most vaccines currently administered are delivered by intramuscular injection. Yet the pathogenic organisms these vaccines aim to protect against usually enter the body by a different route. For instance, many viruses infect us via the respiratory tract, and many bacterial pathogens infect via the gastrointestinal tract. One major advantage of delivering vaccines against these organisms via their normal route of infection would be:
A. That the vaccines would no longer require the incorporation of an adjuvant in their composition
B. That the vaccines would elicit IgA antibodies in addition to IgG antibodies
C. That the vaccines would no longer require several boosters to elicit protective responses
D. That the vaccines would be more stable and not require refrigeration
E. That the vaccines would be safer and have fewer side effects than
injected vaccines

greenbeaver640

MIP 343 Lecture Notes - Dendritic Cell, Monocyte, B Cell

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