MIP 300 Lecture Notes - Protoplast, Prokaryote, Peptidoglycan
3 Jul 2014
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70% water, 30% enzymes, salt, lipids, nucleic acids etc. Not bound by lipid bilayer membranes, bound by membranes of protein, simple lipid, or no membrane. Types of inclusions can be used to help characterize bacteria. Carboxysomes: enzymes involved in co2 fixation (co2 sugar) Metachromatic granules: store phosphate, used to promote nucleic acids and atp. Magnetasomes: contain iron, align bacteria in earth"s magnetic field. Procaryotic, mitochondrial, chloroplastic ribosomes smaller than eukaryotic ribosomes. Eucaryotes have 2 or more chromosomes contained within a lipid bilayer nucleus. Eukaryote dna wrapped around histone proteins, prokaryotic is not. Small circular pieces of dsdna (~2 15 kbases) Can either integrate into chromosome or replicate independently. May confer selective advantages to bacteria that possess them. Spore forming genera (all gram +): clostridum, bacillus, sporosarcina. Botulism causes flaccid paralysis, infantile is most common (honey), die from lack of o2. Tetanus causes rigid (spastic) paralysis, die from lack of o2.
