BIO 105 Lecture Notes - Lecture 3: Convergent Evolution, Synapomorphy
5 Feb 2017
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Document Summary
Species -- a population of organisms that can reproduce with others within to produce fertile offspring. Tree of life -- evolutionary history and relationship between all living things. Phylogenetic tree -- the history and relationship of any group of organisms can be illustrated using graphical summary. Left: ancestral right: most recent species. Branch -- line on phylogenetic tree that represents a single population through time. Root -- most ancestral branch on tree. Population at root no longer exists, it has instead evolved into all the diverse species depicted on the right of the tree. Tip (terminal node) -- represents the endpoint of the branch. Closeness of tips cannot always be used to determine relationships between populations. Outgroup -- population of individuals that diverged earlier than all the other groups represented on the tree. Node (fork) -- point within the tree where a branch splits into two or more branches as a result of a speciation event.
