DEA 1500 Lecture Notes - Lecture 18: Socioeconomic Status, Learned Helplessness, Adrenal Gland
27 Apr 2018
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Review
1. Nonauditory effects of noise
a. Social behavior
i. Aggression
1. “Priming”/motivating aggression (noise by itself does not produce
aggression but violent noise will increase aggression)
ii. Altruism
1. Noise reduces frequency of altruism (experiment w/ lawn mower)
2. Much more likely to help the person if they have a cast on their
arm in the quiet environment
b. Annoyance (modest correlation)
i. What makes people more/less annoyed?
1. Source of noise (car traffic less annoying than air traffic)
2. Activity it interferes with
a. Waking up sleeping children
b. Interrupts watching TV
3. Malfeasance
a. If you don’t think the authorities are doing enough to
control the noise
4. Sensitivity to noise
5. Socioeconomic status and complaints
a. Annoyance is similar but people of higher socioeconomic
status are much more likely to complain about the noise
2. Environmental Stress
a. Stress and Evolution
i. When demands are high but control is low → stress
ii. Modern stressers (things that are recent in evolutionary history) create
stress
HER PROCESS: Environmental Stress
1. Mastery, Control, and Learned Helplessness
a. Benefits of autonomy/sense of control
i. Experiment of newborn babies
1. (three conditions)
a. Stable mobile
b. Noncontingent (turns but independent of baby’s behavior)
c. Contingent (every time baby moves their head, mobile
turns)
2. Results
a. Already figure out that they can control the mobile → move
their head more in the contingent setting
ii. Task completion/attempts and control
1. No noise vs. noise vs. noise with control
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