DEA 1500 Lecture Notes - Lecture 23: Electric Stove, Concept Map, Environmental Design
27 Apr 2018
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New Topic: WORK
Human Factors and Ergonomics: interface between people and the physical environment
1. Environmental design factors that create issues/successes with the way in which people
interact w/ environment
2. Human factors and ergonomics result in:
a. → comfort
b. → health and safety
c. → efficiency
HER PROCESS: COGNITIVE ERGONOMICS
1. Comprehension/understanding of how to use the environment/design/technology
a. Three principles:
i. Legibility: can you see how to use/interact with design/technology
1. Executive office with glass walls--where is the door?
ii. Affordance/concept map: designer’s concept map of how something
works vs. user’s concept map of how something works
1. Does the designer’s plan and understanding line up with the
user’s?
2. Good affordance=clear to figure out what you are supposed to do
3. Examples:
a. Sink faucet that has low affordance
b. Aircraft: fixed horizon or fixed aircraft?
iii. Feedback: what you use the design/technology can you tell if you are
achieving objective
1. Turn on a stove→ good to know if the stove is on or hot
a. Electric stove initially did not show that the stove was on
2. Survey of first responders-- “what is the most stressful thing about
your job?”
a. IT was the most stressful thing for them
HER PROCESS: ANTHROPOMETRICS AND BIOMECHANICS
1. Anthropometrics definition: the measurement of the body--scale, movement, capabilities
such as strength, mobility
2. Biomechanics: Body in use can challenge anthropometrics and create strain or damage:
musculoskeletal disorders
a. Examples
i. Carpal tunnel and computer use
1. Inflammation of tissues, nerve compression after repetitive strain
of wrists
2. Design intervention: put keyboard on negatively sloped tray so
slope is close to zero
ii. Back injuries
find more resources at oneclass.com
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Document Summary
Her process: cognitive ergonomics: comprehension/understanding of how to use the environment/design/technology, three principles: Back injuries: reach too far for buttons/shelves over time, slouching/leaning backwards may be better for you (lower disc pressure in spine, neck and shoulder, issue of individual differences--people with disabilities, for example, different anthropometric and biomechanical parameters. Service sector has higher number of injuries but less frequency per capita: what are the injuries that occur in these environments, musculoskeletal issues caused by nature of job, moving objects (getting hit by these objects) Falling: children and risk, riskiest thing is automobiles (pedestrian and occupant accidents, falls, climbing, burns--riskiest place in the house is the kitchen, followed by the bathroom, woonerf: movement to make residential spaces more safe for children. You can still drive, but there are many things to make you slow down. Prevents people from cutting through neighborhoods (doesn"t save time b/c need to drive slowly: classical probability, formal: good sample, known population.
