NES 2674 Lecture Notes - Lecture 15: Baghdad Pact, Party System, Global Recession
5 Jan 2017
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Describe the post-WWII political trajectories of Iran and Turkey. What are some of the similarities and differences?
Post WWII Realities
1. Bipolar world
2. Iran and Turkey both border USSR
3. NATO (Turkey joins in 1952)
4. Baghdad Pact (Iran, Turkey, Iraq, Pakistan, Britain)
a. Would lose power in Iraq following coups
5. Strong US presence/ political interference
a. Increasing anti-US sentiment among masses
Turkey
1. Social and Demographic Changes 1950-1983 (also applies to most of Middle East)
a. Doubling of population to 40+ million
b. Dramatic increase in urbanization
c. Shanty towns in outskirts of major city
d. Cultural and economic dislocation
e. High unemployment
f. Changes lead to periodic political instability
2. Transition to democracy
a. Republican People’s Party (RPP) [Ataturk's Party]
i. One party rule under leadership of Inonu
b. Economic problems:neglect of rural area
c. Many dissatisfies with one party system
d. Business leaders wanted to end Etatism
i. (State control of economy)
e. Inonu allows formation of Democratic Party (1946)
i. They gain 65 seats in 1946
ii. In 1950 they gain 408 out of 477 seats and take control
f. A peaceful transition of government takes place
3. The Democratic Party 1950-1960
a. Adnan Menderes (Prime Minister)
b. Some reversals of secularist policies
i. Call to prayer in Arabic
ii. Construction of new mosques
iii. Religious instruction class
iv. Toleration of public religious celebrations
c. Economic reforms
i. Privatization of state controlled economy
ii. Agricultural reforms (expensive)
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