CE 134 Lecture Notes - Lecture 7: Azimuth

• School: Cal Poly Pomona
• Department: Civil Engineering
• Course: CE 134
• Professor: Lourdes Abellera

Document Summary

Angles measured in surveying are classified as either horizontal or vertical. Horizontal angles are the basic observations needed for determining bearings and azimuths. Vertical angles are used in trigonometric leveling, stadia, and for reducing slope distances to horizontal. Angle: the rate two lines diverge from a common point. Parts of an angle: backsight, vertex, foresight. Degrees, minutes, seconds (in most u. s. surveys) Their relationships are: 1 revolution = 360 = 400 grad = 400 gon = 2 rads, 1 rad = 57. 2 . Horizontal angles- angles measured along the horizontal plane: angles to the right clockwise from the rear station to the forward station, angles to the left counterclockwise from the rear station to the forward station, deflection angles. Observed from an extension of the back line to the forward station. Used principally on the long linear alignments of route surveys: interior or exterior angles, azimuths. Horizontal angles observed clockwise from any reference meridian.