COM 204 Lecture Notes - Lecture 5: Stephen Toulmin, Sentence Clause Structure
Document Summary
Claims begin the process by showing where an arguer has taken a stand. Claims also end the process, showing what the listener or reader is expected to accept as true or probable. Four types of claims factual claims argue what was, is, or will be resemble propositions of fact in that they are concerned with things that can be verified. They are concerned with past, present, or future fact. Such claims are used when the precise definition of a term becomes a contested issue. Definitional claims are concerned with how something is defined, as a particular type or category of act, individual, object, or idea. The value claims argue evaluation or pass judgment on something show the arguer"s evaluation or judgment. Value claims express an attitude toward something and are identified by the use of evaluative languages. policy claims argue that something should be done. It states that an action should be taken or a behavior should be altered.