ENVS 1000 Lecture Notes - Lecture 10: Water Cycle, Virtual Water, Transpiration

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13 Dec 2016
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ENVS: The Water Cycle
The Hydrologic Cycle
â—Ź Evaporation:
â—‹ Liquid to vapor without plants
â—‹ Water moves from areas of high concentration (soils and liquid pools) to low
concentration (atmosphere)
â—‹ It takes energy to convert liquid water into vapor. That energy is released when
vapor condenses
â—‹ As temperature increases, it can hold more moisture
â—‹ Evaporation proceeds as long as there is liquid and the air is not saturated
â—Ź Transpiration:
â—‹ Liquid to vapor via plants
â—‹ Depends on the plant and how it controls the opening and closing of the stomata
â–  Plants tap into deeper groundwater
â–  Plants may cease to transpire if the plant wilts
â—Ź Evapotranspiration:
â—‹ Both evaporation and transpiration
Carbon and Water
â—Ź Plants trade water loss of carbon gain.
â—‹ CO2 enters through the stomata, water is lost
â—Ź Plants connect the carbon and water cycle
Two major sources of water for humans
â—Ź Surface freshwater:
â—‹ Renewable resource but can be variable over time (droughts)
â—‹ Free flowing, rapid resupply, linked to fast-cycling parts of the hydrologic cycle
â—Ź Groundwater:
â—‹ Largely non-renewable (on human timescales) but high quality and reliable (until
it runs out)
Consumptive vs. nonconsumptive
â—Ź Consumptive:
â—‹ Removes water from local/regional/national cycle
â—‹ Water is not available for reuse
â—Ź Non-Consumptive:
â—‹ Returns water to local/regional/national cycle
â—‹ Water can be reused
â—Ź Domestic:
â—‹ Non-consumptive
â—Ź Industrial:
â—‹ Both consumptive and nonconsumptive
â—Ź Agricultural:
â—‹ Consumptive
Agricultural water use
â—Ź Increase in agriculture caused by:
â—‹ Improved crop varieties
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Document Summary

Water moves from areas of high concentration (soils and liquid pools) to low concentration (atmosphere) It takes energy to convert liquid water into vapor. As temperature increases, it can hold more moisture. Evaporation proceeds as long as there is liquid and the air is not saturated. Depends on the plant and how it controls the opening and closing of the stomata. Plants may cease to transpire if the plant wilts. Plants trade water loss of carbon gain. Co2 enters through the stomata, water is lost. Plants connect the carbon and water cycle. Renewable resource but can be variable over time (droughts) Free flowing, rapid resupply, linked to fast-cycling parts of the hydrologic cycle. Largely non-renewable (on human timescales) but high quality and reliable (until. 1. 7 million people die from drinking contaminated drinking water. Nearly all in the least developed portions of the world. The key to wise use of groundwater is that recharge must balance withdrawal.

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