GEOL 3070 Lecture Notes - Lecture 23: Neutral Buoyancy, Benthos, Swim Bladder
25 Apr 2017
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Modern addition (1977): five kingdoms into 3 domains, based largely on genome (dna) Diverse heterotrophic bacteria are essential for respiring organic matter back into co2 and other nutrients. extremophiles --> in terms of temp. , salinity, ph. Protozoa: foraminifera, radiolaria (hetertrophic --> need to eat other organisms for energy. May migrate vertically (day/night), but most remain near sea surface. Modify (cid:271)uoyan(cid:272)y (cid:894) oil in (cid:271)ody and air (cid:271)u(cid:271)(cid:271)les(cid:895) May life on surface (epifauna) or buried in sediment (infauna) Frictional resistance increases with surface area : volume ratio. Larger particle sinks faster b/c it has less drag. For plankton it is good to be small b/c they must remain near the surface. Fighting viscosity --> nekton must be relatively large and reduce drag by being streamlined. Nekton need to be larger than plankton so they can swim. For adaptation to a certain depth range, most energy-efficient buoyance is neutral buoyancy. Deep ocean = several tons per square inch.
