BIOL 2051 Lecture Notes - Lecture 13: Gamete, Synaptonemal Complex, Sister Chromatids

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1 Dec 2016

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Unit 5 - chapter 11 & 15 - 11/28 & 11/30. Microtubules from centrosome attach to kinetochore proteins --> one sister to each mroc. Centrosomes begin their migration to opposite ends of the cell. Sister chromatids (each be connected to microtubules from opposite poles/ centrosomes) are aligned at metaphase plate. Sister chromatids are separated pulled toward a centrosome as microtubules shorten. Centrosomes continue to move apart from each other. Cytoplasm splits into 2 individual cells, each of which contains 1 nucleus. Each new cell is genetically identical to the parent cell. Dna is fully compacted before beginning of prophase. 2 cells to come together to make a genetically unique organism. Meiosis is process by which an organism makes cells for sexual reproduction. Cells that contain 2 complete versions of its genome. A cell that has 1 version of its genome. Haploid cells that are required for sexual reproduction. When they are allowed to come together they form 1 diploid cell.

Related Questions

Determine whether the following applies to mitosis, meiosis, orboth; also identify the specific stage of cell division thatapplies (e.g. mitosis prophase, meiosis anaphase II, etc)

1) chromosomes pairs line up across the center of the cell

2) sister chromatids seperate

3) spindle fibers separate homologous chromosomes

4) 4 haploid daughter cells are produced

5) a cell 1st undergoes DNA replication

6) chromosomes line up single file across the middle of thecell

7) sister chromatids separate from each other

8) 2 haploid daughter cells form

9) the nuclear membrane re forms

10) spindle fibers attach to pairs of homologous chromosomes

11) the nuclear membrane begins to dissolve

12) centrosomes duplicate

13) synapsis and crossing over occurs

14) 2 diploid daughter cells form

turquoiseporpoise808

31.????? interphase A. cytoplasm divided between the two daughter cells

32.????? chromosomenumber B. final phase of mitosis; daughter nuclei form

33.????? chromatid C. sum total of chromosomes in all cells of a given

type

34.????? cytokinesis D. chromosomes condense and mitotic spindle

begins to form

35.????? metaphase E. chromosomes line up at spindle equator

36.????? alleles F. sister chromatids separate, move to opposite

spindle poles now

37.????? prophase G. none between meiosis I and II

38.????? telophase H. half of a chromosome in prophase

39. ????? anaphase I. different molecular forms of the same gene

Matching

ultramarineporpoise990

Part A- Microtubules. Select all that apply.

1) They are filaments in mitotic and meiotic spindles

2) They are required for moving sister chromatids to opposite sides of the poles during anaphase II of meiosis and anaphase of mitosis.

3) They are required for moving homologs to opposite sides of the poles during anaphase I of meiosis.

4) They are important for maintaining homologous chromosome pairing and plays a role in recombination.

5) They catalyze the phosphorylation of specific proteins.

6) They are a layered structue located between paired homologs in prophase I of meiosis in many organisms.

Part B- Cyclin-dependent kinases. Select all that apply.

1) They are filaments in mitotic and meiotic spindles.

2) They are enzymes that control progression through cell cycle.

3) They are required for the segregation of chromosomes during anaphase of mitosis or meiosis.

4) They are important for homologous chromosome pairing and plays a role in recombination.

5) They catalyze the phosphorylation of specific proteins.

Part C- Kinetochores. Select all that apply.

1) They are enzymes that control progression through cell cycle.

2) They are important for maintaining homologous chromosome pairing and plays a role in recombination.

3) They are required for the segregation of chromosomes during anaphase of mitosis or meiosis.

4) They are complx structures attached to the centromeres of chromosomes that bind to spindle microtubules.

5) They catalyze the phosphorylation of specific proteins.

Part D- Synaptonemal complex. Select all that apply.

1) It is required for moving sister chromatids to opposite sides of the poles during anaphase II of meiosis and anaphase of mitosis.

2) It is a layered structure located between paired homologs in prophase I of meiosis in many organisms.

3) It is complex structures attached to the centromeres of chromosomes that bind to spindle microtubules.

4) It catalyzes the phospohorylation of specific proteins.

5) It is important for maintaining homologous chromosome pairing and plays a role in recombination.

BIOL 2051 Lecture Notes - Lecture 13: Gamete, Synaptonemal Complex, Sister Chromatids

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