PSYC 1005 Lecture Notes - Lecture 3: Beck Depression Inventory, Nocebo, Nicotine

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Operational definition: a working definition of what a researcher is measuring. Examples: recovery from depression: score of 16 or less on beck. Chronic worry: worrying 2 or more hours per day for 4 consecutive weeks. How we define things can lead to drastically different conclusions. Confounds: any difference between the experimental and control groups aside from iv. Example: we are testing a weight loss drug. Everyone in the experimental group is also given a free gym membership, but the control group is not. If the participants lose weight, we can"t tell if it"s from the drug or the gym membership. If we have random assignment and manipulation of an independent variable, we can infer causal relationships between variables. Placebo effect: improvement resulting from the mere expectation of improvement. Participants may experience improvement because a drug gives hope or causes calmness. Researchers can account for the placebo effect and expectation effects. Placebos show many of the same characteristics as real drugs!

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