NSG 230 Lecture Notes - Lecture 4: Rh Blood Group System, Secondary Hypertension, Blood Plasma
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October 1, 2018
Components of blood
• Plasma – liquid; mostly made of water
• Platelets – what stops you from bleeding out when you cut yourself
• White blood cells – infection fighting cells
• Red blood cells – carry oxygen to your body
History
• Found in 1600s that you cannot transfuse blood between animal species or
animals and humans
• 1900s – found the 4 blood types, determined you have to transfuse between
certain kinds
What is blood?
• Carries oxygen and nutrients throughout your body
• Cryoprecipitated antihemophilic factor (AHF) – clotting factor of blood
Blood Groups
• Blood group A: you have the A antigens on the surface of your red blood cells
and B antibodies in your blood plasma
• Blood group B: you have B antigens on the surface of your red blood cells and A
antibodies in your blood plasma
• Blood group AB: you have both A and B antigens on the surface of your red
blood cells and no A or B antibodies at all in your blood plasma
o Universal recipient. They do not perceive any blood type as foreign
o Can only give to another AB person
• Blood group O: you have neither A or B antigens on the surface of your red blood
cells but you have both A and B antibodies in your blood plasma
o Universal donor
• Rh Factor on your red blood cells surface
o Rh+, those who have it. Can receive Rh + or -
o Rh-, those who do not. Can only receive Rh-
• If a pregnant mom is Rh-, you get the Rhogam shot
Blood Pressure
• Changes during the day, elevates when you are moving around/stressed/nervous
etc.
• High blood pressure is between 140 over 90 or higher
o Can damage your heart and arteries
o Primary or essential hypertension; when there is no clear cause of why you
would have high blood pressure
o Secondary hypertension; clear why they have it. Maybe they are on certain
meds, obesity, genetics, etc.
• Ideal blood pressure 120 over 80
o Less than 120 or less than 80
• Pre hypertension is 120-139 over 80-89
• Stage 1 hypertension 140-159 over 90-99
• Stage 2 hypertension 160 or higher over 100 or higher
• Systolic is top number and diastolic is bottom number