BIO 122 Lecture Notes - Lecture 3: Enzyme Inhibitor, Catabolism, Atp Hydrolysis

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fuchsiacoyote139

30 May 2018

School

Drexel University

Department

Bioscience & Biotechnology

Course

BIO 122

Professor

Gurney

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Week 3

o that a nucleic acid is a polymer of nucleotides and what a nucleotide is made of

▪ nucleic acid made of sugar, phosphate, and base

o the difference between RNA and DNA

▪ dna carries genetic material

▪ rna codes for material

o monosaccharides are polymerized to form disaccharides and/or polysaccharides

▪ starch – energy storage in plants

▪ glycogen – energy storage in animals

▪ cellulose – plant and bacteria cell wall

▪ chitin – fungi cell walls

▪ peptidoglycan – bacterial cell wall

▪ examples of structural and storage polysaccharides in animals, plants,

fungi, and bacteria

o the number of carbons within a monosaccharide dictates a large part of its identity

and function

▪ triose, tetrose, pentose, hexose

o all simple sugars are a multiple of CH2O

o what a proteoglycan is and what a glycoprotein is

▪ proteoglycan – used for lubrication

▪ glycoprotein – used for cell identity

o what a glyocosidic linkage is

▪ bond between sugars; c1 and c4

▪ condensation reaction, releases water

• Understand

o that the structure of deoxy ribonucleotides and ribonucleotides allows for

directionality of the nucleic acid polymer

▪ 5 → 3

o that C-C and C-H bonds have a lot of potential energy

o the difference between storage and structural polysaccharides

▪ how is the structure of polysaccharides used for either purpose different

• Be able to

o Draw a simplified diagram of the phosphodiester linkage between two

nucleotides, indicating the 5’ and 3’ ends and where a new nucleotide would be

added to a growing chain.

• Nucleotide added at 3’ end

o Identify how the structures of cellulose, chitin, peptidoglycans, starch, and

glycogen correlate with their respective biological functions.

• Starch – branched and unbranched – doesn’t need rapid release of glucose

• Glycogen – highly branched – allows rapid release of glucose in animals

• Cellulose – plant and bacteria cell walls – rigid structural support

• Chitin – fungi cell wall – parallel strands connected by h-bonds – support

• Peptidoglycan – bacterial cell wall – backbone – structural support

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Related Questions

Organisms must use macromolecules that have properties to match their functional requirements. Choose the appropriate macromolecule whose properties meet the requirements. Note: a macromolecule may be used more than once.

Cellulose, Chitin, DNA, Fat, Glycogen, Lactose, RNA, Starch

Part 1.
Requirement: strong cell walls, linear polymer that is rigid and strong

Part 2.
Requirement: Stable storage of information, base pairs, not easily hydrolyzed

Part 3.
Requirement: Energy storage for seeds (energy-rich polysaccharides)

Part 4.
Short-term energy storage for animals, (energy-rich polysaccharide)

Part 5.
Energy-rich lipid used for long-term energy storage in animals

Part 6.
Transient information of information, base pairs, easily hydrolyzed

Can somebody check if my answer is rght? Thank you

Complex carbohydrates

Indicate whether each of the following statements about polysaccharides is True or False.

1. Polysaccharides are long polymers made of many nucleotides that have been joined through dehydration synthesis. False
2. Cellulose is the main storage polysaccharide in plants while glycogen is an important storage polysaccharide in many animals. False
3. Both starch and glycogen are composed of Î±-glucose subunits. True
4. Starch is composed of amylose and amylopectin, which are unbranched and branched chains of Î±-glucose subunits, respectively. False
5. Like amylopectin, glycogen is insoluble in water, but it has a longer average chain length and fewer branches. True
6. Although some polysaccharides are used to store energy, others serve as structural material for cells. True
7. The principal structural polysaccharide in plants is starch. True
8. Cellulose is composed of a long, branched chain of Î²-glucose subunits. True
9. The starch-hydrolyzing enzymes produced by most organisms cannot break the bond between two Î± -glucose subunits because they only recognize Î² linkages. False
10. Chitin is a structural polysaccharide found in the exoskeleton of arthropods and the cell wall of many fungi. True

please i need help with this qustions answer the multiple choice that is all and be clear not writes un clear stuff just asnswer the qustions please

Question 1

Starch is: (select all the correct answers)

an energy storage carbohydrate in plants

an energy storage carbohydrate in animals

a structural carbohydrate in plants

a polymer of glucose

Question 2

The monomers in starch are joined together by which type of linkage?

beta 1-4 glycosidic linkage

alpha 1-4 glycosidic linkage

alpha 1-6 glycosidic linkage

Question 3