BIOLOGY 290 Lecture Notes - Lecture 20: Short-Chain Fatty Acid, Digestion, Helminths
12 Nov 2016
School
Department
Course
Professor
Bio 209
Guest Lecturer In sickness and in health: gut microbial dynamics at the Lemur Center
- Calorie free sweeteners: really means that you don’t have a enzyme to digest
- Your gut:
o Mouth: sugars and starches (simple) digests
o Stomach: digests proteins
o Small intestine: site of lipid digestion
o Large intestine: fiber digestion
▪ Also where artificial sweetners get digested by your microbiome
▪ Usually causes microbiome organisms to “go crazy”; lots of research
currently happening on what happens after digestion of these
▪ Fiber gets digested into short chain fatty acids which your body can use
- Diet and gut shape the microbiome
- Gut has a huge variety of organisms
o Diversity can either signal stability or recent disruption
- Different animals have different gut lengths; a short gut means a shorter time for
food→poop
- Changes in microbiota from birth to ending of breast feeding by parents (monkeys)
o As age increases, the variation explained goes down a lot; basically, as an infant
there is a lot of diversity from environmental exposures, having no immune
system
o Microbiota: diversity increases and variation (between others in the species)
decreases as infants age
o Fiber increases presence of microbiome, but the fiber also selects for a particular
microbiome
What happens after a microbiome is wiped out?
- Disease decreases diversity
- Once recovered, animals can return to their original healthy gut state
The gut throughout history has housted microbiome AND helminths
- Therefore gut developed based on the fauna and protozoans (like helminths) and the
microbiome
- However, recent history has decided that worms in the guts were bad regardless of the
type or whatever
- No worms = overactive immune system
- Autoimmune disorders mirror locations over very low helminth infestations
o Specifically, multiple sclerosis is negatively correlated with whipworm
prevalence (one type of helminth)
- A study in rats of presense of helminths vs non-presence, helminth treated rats had a 20%
shift in microbiome membership
find more resources at oneclass.com
find more resources at oneclass.com
Document Summary
Guest lecturer in sickness and in health: gut microbial dynamics at the lemur center. Calorie free sweeteners: really means that you don"t have a enzyme to digest. Gut has a huge variety of organisms: diversity can either signal stability or recent disruption. Different animals have different gut lengths; a short gut means a shorter time for food poop. Once recovered, animals can return to their original healthy gut state. The gut throughout history has housted microbiome and helminths. Therefore gut developed based on the fauna and protozoans (like helminths) and the microbiome. However, recent history has decided that worms in the guts were bad regardless of the type or whatever. Autoimmune disorders mirror locations over very low helminth infestations: specifically, multiple sclerosis is negatively correlated with whipworm prevalence (one type of helminth) A study in rats of presense of helminths vs non-presence, helminth treated rats had a 20% shift in microbiome membership.
