BIOL 2130 Lecture Notes - Lecture 6: Pentose, Chemical Energy, Cytosine
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o Built from amino acids
• Amino acid structure
o Contain an amine group (NH2)
o Contain an acid group (COOH)
o Vary only by R groups
Proteins
• Protein structure
• Polypeptides contain fewer than 50 amino acids
• Large proteins may have 50 to thousands of amino acids
• Sequence of amino acids produces a variety of proteins
• Structural levels of proteins
• Primary structure
• Secondary structure
• Alpha helix
• Beta-pleated sheet
• Tertiary structure
• Quaternary structure
Proteins- Types
• Fibrous (structural) proteins
o Appear in body structures
o Exhibit secondary, tertiary, or even quaternary structure
o Bind structures together and exist in body tissues
o Stable proteins
o Examples include collagen and keratin
• Globular (functional) proteins
o Function as antibodies, hormones, or enzymes
o Exhibit at least tertiary structure
o Can be denatured and no longer perform physiological roles
o Actie sites fit ad iteract cheically ith other olecules
Enzymes
• Act as biological catalysts
• Increase the rate of chemical reactions
• Bind to substrates at an active site to catalyze reactions
• Recognize enzymes by their –ase suffix
• Hydrolase
• Oxidase
Important Organic Compounds- Nucleic Acids
• Nucleic acids
• Make up genes
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