BIOS 1500 Lecture Notes - Lecture 9: Confidence Interval, Diabetes Mellitus Type 2, Odds Ratio

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29 Apr 2017
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The problem is assessing whether an exposure increases the incidence of a disease. An assessment of disease is made of all subjects at the start, so that all are known to be disease free at the beginning of the study. Further assessments of disease are made as the study progresses and incident occurrences of disease are recorded. The design fixes as known: the total sample size, and the marginal distribution of the independent (exposure status): a+b and c+d. At the start we know how many are exposed and how many are not exposed and the total sample size. We also establish that all participants are evaluated and known to be disease free at the start. This design has forward direction due to the samples being based on the independent variable (exposure). The study then proceeds to establish the outcome (disease) in each sample. hence the directional argument is forward: from knowing exposure to disease.

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