ANT 333 Lecture Notes - Lecture 12: Nucleus Accumbens, Coca, Basal Ganglia
13 Jun 2018
School
Department
Course
Professor
Weed$ lmao.$ Ritalin$ is$ last
•
Top$ drugs$ among$ 8th-12$ graders$ past$year$ use
•
College$ students:$ alc,$ weed,$ cigs,$ amphetamine s,$ cocaine
•
Harm$to$society
•
Alc$does$ more$ harm$ than$ crack$cocaine
•
Grapes$ lmao
•
History$ of$alc
•
Prefrontal$ cortex
○
Nucleus$ accumbens
○
Ventral$ tegmental$ area
○
3$main$ parts
•
Stimulant
○
Cocaine$ and$ crack$ are$made$ from$ it$yikes
○
They$ did$ it$in$indonesia$ before$ WWII
○
Coca$ leaf
•
Dopamine$ is$released,$ reputake
○
They$ are$sent$ to$the$nucleus$ accumbens
§
Key$ neurons:$ dopamine
○
Activates$ genes$ in$basal$ ganglia
○
Therefore$ loss$ of$ control
□
Frontal$ lobe:$ no$ action
§
Human$ cocaine$ abusers
○
Coke$ works$ the$ way$ ssris$ work
○
Reward$ pathway
•
Tetrahydrocannabinol
○
Same$ receptors$ as$ anandamide
○
THC
•
Nuts$ and$ bolts
•
Binds$ to$adenosine$ receptors
•
Releases$ dopamine$ and$glutamate$
•
Reward$ centers
•
Caffeine
•
Subgroup$ of$acetylcholine$ receptors$ called$ nicotinic$ receptor•
Increases$ blood$ flow$ in$the$ brain•
Took$ rat$brain$ only$ 5$doses$ to$become$ sensitive$ to$nikki
○
Rapid$ changes$ in$brain$ physiology$•
Nicotine•
Alcohol$ turning$ to$acetaldehyde$ takes$ longer$ and$ then$ twice$ as$fast$to$turn$ to$acetic$acid$ for$ a$non$ alcoholic$ person•
For$ an$alcoholic,$ it$takes$ much$ longer$ for$ acetaldehyde$ to$turn$ into$ acetic$ acid,$ bc$ you$ don’t$ feel$ the$effects$ of$ the$ acetic acid$ rip$so$ you$ drink$ more•
Alc$again•
Fermentation$ happens$ in$ nature$ and$ wild$ animals$ get$crunk$ on$ naturally$ fermented$ fruit/honey/grain•
Agricultural$ revolution$ allowed$ ppl$ to$ferment$ it$way$ faster$ and$in$ higher$ quantities$ HAHH$capitalism•
Distillation$ was$ invented$ by$arab$chemists$ around$ the$year$700•
Evolution$ and$history•
Psychosocial/employment$ dysfunction
○
Legal$probs
○
Blackouts
○
Intense$ alc$seeking$ behavior
○
Withdrawal$ symptoms
○
Blood$ alcohol$ level$SOMETHING
○
Dependency•
Bc$they$ operate$ on$the$ same$ receptors$ (GABA)
§
So$ when$ youre$ in$withdrawal,$ large$dose$ of$ valium$ can$help$ w$seizures
§
Valium$ like$ drugs
○
Disulfiram$ (antabuse):$ makes$ you$ sick$ ot$your$ stomach$ if$you$ take$a$drink
○
Naltrexone$ blocks$ opioid$ receptors,$ removing$ the$brain$ reward$ of$EtOH
○
Counseling /psyc hotherapy
○
Most$ helpful$ thing$ that$you$ can$do
§
Programs$ like$ AA
○
Treatment•
Can$ help$ recover$ from$ alcoholism
○
If$you$ are$abstinent$ for$ more$ than$ 5$years$ only$ a$small$ number$ of$ppl$ go$back
§
Recidivism$ rate$of$ like$ 30$something$ %
○
Abstinence•
Cirrhosis$ of$liver
○
Korsakoff$ syndrome$ (form$ of$dimentia)
○
Esophageal$ and$ other$ GI$cancers
○
Increased$ susceptibilit y$ to$infection
○
No$ life
○
Prognosis$ if$chronic•
Abstinence
○
Ajslfj
○
Primary$ prevention•
Abstinence$ from$ all$addictive$ substances$ (except$ prescribed$ drugs)$ is$recommended$ for$ recovering$ addicts
○
12$step$ programs$ like$ AA
○
Programs$ state$categorically$ that$all$former$ addicts$ are$recovering$ addicts
○
Secondary$ prevention•
Women$ have$ higher$ blood$ levels$ than$men
○
Stomach$ enzymes$ that$break$ down$ EtOH$are$ 70%$more$ active$ in$ men$ than$women
○
Men$ are$usually$ bigger
○
Men$ and$ women$ metabolize$ alc$differently•
Asians$ metabolize$ EtOH$differently$ bc$genetic$ polymorhpisms$ in$ an$aldehyde$ dehydrogenase$ enzyme•
Access$ to$healthcare$ affects$•
Diagnosis$ treatment$ prognosis•
Alcohol&and&other&addictions
Thursday,$ April$ 19,$ 2018
3:19$ PM
Weed$ lmao.$ Ritalin$ is$ last•
Top$ drugs$ among$ 8th-12$ graders$ past$year$ use•
College$ students:$ alc,$ weed,$ cigs,$ amphetamine s,$ cocaine•
Harm$to$society•
Alc$does$ more$ harm$ than$ crack$cocaine•
Grapes$ lmao•
History$ of$alc•
Prefrontal$ cortex
○
Nucleus$ accumbens
○
Ventral$ tegmental$ area
○
3$main$ parts•
Stimulant
○
Cocaine$ and$ crack$ are$made$ from$ it$yikes
○
They$ did$ it$in$indonesia$ before$ WWII
○
Coca$ leaf•
Dopamine$ is$released,$ reputake
○
They$ are$sent$ to$the$nucleus$ accumbens
§
Key$ neurons:$ dopamine
○
Activates$ genes$ in$basal$ ganglia
○
Therefore$ loss$ of$ control□
Frontal$ lobe:$ no$ action
§
Human$ cocaine$ abusers
○
Coke$ works$ the$ way$ ssris$ work
○
Reward$ pathway•
Tetrahydrocannabinol
○
Same$ receptors$ as$ anandamide
○
THC•
Nuts$ and$ bolts•
Binds$ to$adenosine$ receptors•
Releases$ dopamine$ and$glutamate$•
Reward$ centers•
Caffeine•
Subgroup$ of$acetylcholine$ receptors$ called$ nicotinic$ receptor•
Increases$ blood$ flow$ in$the$ brain•
Took$ rat$brain$ only$ 5$doses$ to$become$ sensitive$ to$nikki
○
Rapid$ changes$ in$brain$ physiology$•
Nicotine•
Alcohol$ turning$ to$acetaldehyde$ takes$ longer$ and$ then$ twice$ as$fast$to$turn$ to$acetic$acid$ for$ a$non$ alcoholic$ person•
For$ an$alcoholic,$ it$takes$ much$ longer$ for$ acetaldehyde$ to$turn$ into$ acetic$ acid,$ bc$ you$ don’t$ feel$ the$effects$ of$ the$ acetic acid$ rip$so$ you$ drink$ more•
Alc$again•
Fermentation$ happens$ in$ nature$ and$ wild$ animals$ get$crunk$ on$ naturally$ fermented$ fruit/honey/grain•
Agricultural$ revolution$ allowed$ ppl$ to$ferment$ it$way$ faster$ and$in$ higher$ quantities$ HAHH$capitalism•
Distillation$ was$ invented$ by$arab$chemists$ around$ the$year$700•
Evolution$ and$history•
Psychosocial/employment$ dysfunction
○
Legal$probs
○
Blackouts
○
Intense$ alc$seeking$ behavior
○
Withdrawal$ symptoms
○
Blood$ alcohol$ level$SOMETHING
○
Dependency•
Bc$they$ operate$ on$the$ same$ receptors$ (GABA)
§
So$ when$ youre$ in$withdrawal,$ large$dose$ of$ valium$ can$help$ w$seizures
§
Valium$ like$ drugs
○
Disulfiram$ (antabuse):$ makes$ you$ sick$ ot$your$ stomach$ if$you$ take$a$drink
○
Naltrexone$ blocks$ opioid$ receptors,$ removing$ the$brain$ reward$ of$EtOH
○
Counseling /psyc hotherapy
○
Most$ helpful$ thing$ that$you$ can$do
§
Programs$ like$ AA
○
Treatment•
Can$ help$ recover$ from$ alcoholism
○
If$you$ are$abstinent$ for$ more$ than$ 5$years$ only$ a$small$ number$ of$ppl$ go$back
§
Recidivism$ rate$of$ like$ 30$something$ %
○
Abstinence•
Cirrhosis$ of$liver
○
Korsakoff$ syndrome$ (form$ of$dimentia)
○
Esophageal$ and$ other$ GI$cancers
○
Increased$ susceptibilit y$ to$infection
○
No$ life
○
Prognosis$ if$chronic•
Abstinence
○
Ajslfj
○
Primary$ prevention•
Abstinence$ from$ all$addictive$ substances$ (except$ prescribed$ drugs)$ is$recommended$ for$ recovering$ addicts
○
12$step$ programs$ like$ AA
○
Programs$ state$categorically$ that$all$former$ addicts$ are$recovering$ addicts
○
Secondary$ prevention•
Women$ have$ higher$ blood$ levels$ than$men
○
Stomach$ enzymes$ that$break$ down$ EtOH$are$ 70%$more$ active$ in$ men$ than$women
○
Men$ are$usually$ bigger
○
Men$ and$ women$ metabolize$ alc$differently•
Asians$ metabolize$ EtOH$differently$ bc$genetic$ polymorhpisms$ in$ an$aldehyde$ dehydrogenase$ enzyme•
Access$ to$healthcare$ affects$•
Diagnosis$ treatment$ prognosis•
Alcohol&and&other&addictions
Thursday,$ April$ 19,$ 2018 3:19$ PM
Document Summary
Top drugs among 8th-12 graders past year use. Cocaine and crack are made from it yikes. Took rat brain only 5 doses to become sensitive to nikki. Alcohol turning to acetaldehyde takes longer and then twice as fast to turn to acetic acid fo. For an alcoholic, it takes much longer for acetaldehyde to turn into acetic acid, bc you don". Fermentation happens in nature and wild animals get crunk on naturally fermented fruit/h. Agricultural revolution allowed ppl to ferment it way faster and in higher quantities hahh. Distillation was invented by arab chemists around the year 700. Bc they operate on the same receptors (gaba) So when youre in withdrawal, large dose of valium can help w seizures. Disulfiram (antabuse): makes you sick ot your stomach if you take a drink. Naltrexone blocks opioid receptors, removing the brain reward of etoh. If you are abstinent for more than 5 years only a small number of ppl go back.
