PHIL 118 Lecture Notes - Lecture 5: Expected Return
28 Jun 2018
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Types of Justice:
Retributory - based on punishment
Restorative - restoration of relationship
Distributive - fair allocation of goods in society, does not need central distribution
Distribution is uneven. How do we make it even?
Entitlement Theory:
Original acquisitions of holdings
oPrinciple of justice and acquisition
Transfer of holdings
oHow people transfer goods
oPrinciple of justice in transfer
Both principles must be just. But how do we punish/rectify injustice?
How far back into the history do we judge?
Rectification:
Need to examine situations
Examine events and descriptions of holdings
See what might have been if injustice did not happen
Try to restore goods of person wronged to original stand
Take into account history up to a certain point. Example: objects in museums
Patterning: (p. 52)
Distributions always follow certain patterns
No free resource - everything already has some sort of possession in system
One problem to entitlement : distribution is always redistribution. Ex: taxes of
healthcare or welfare
Redistribution may violate people's rights
oInherent right to ownership in cases of injustice, perpetrator loses right of
ownership
oRedistribution violates rights but no longer issue for perpetrator
How long do perpetrator lose rights?
Ownership = earned
Just transfer = freely given or agreed upon
Redistribution = not chosen freely, often without compensation
Expected return
Locke's theory of Acquisition: (p. 59)
Ownership = object > labor
How do we mix labor with object?
Further concern: holdings and ownership cannot hurt others
Ex: owner of island cannot turn away castaways in need.
Right to ownership maybe be overridden by competing rights, but do not lose the right in this
instance
Must keep in mind allocation with other human rights
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