ACC 358 Lecture Notes - Lecture 1: Financial Statement, Petty Cash, Accounts Payable

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indigolion532

18 May 2018

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Goods that a business purchases to sell

Merchandising Business

A business that sells purchases and sells goods

retail merchandising business

a merchandising business that sells to those who use and consume the goods

Wholesale Merchandsiding Business

A business that buys and resells merchandise to retailers

Corporation

An organization with the rights of a person which is owned by many people.

Share of Stock

A single unit of ownership in a corporation

Capital Stock

Total shares of ownership in a corporation

Stockholder

An owner of one or more shares of a corporation

Special Journal

A journal used to record only one kind of transaction

Cost of Merchandise

The price a business pays for goods it purchases to sell

Markup

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Document Summary

A business that sells purchases and sells goods retail merchandising business a merchandising business that sells to those who use and consume the goods. A business that buys and resells merchandise to retailers. An organization with the rights of a person which is owned by many people. A single unit of ownership in a corporation. An owner of one or more shares of a corporation. A journal used to record only one kind of transaction. The price a business pays for goods it purchases to sell. The amount added to the cost of merchandise to establish a selling price. A business from which merchandise is purchased or supplied or other assets for use in the business. A transaction in which the merchandise purchased is paid for later. A special journal used to record only purchases of merchandise on account. A journal amount column headed with an account title.

Related Questions

Company Background & Scenario

The Auto Zone Company is a well-established, publicly-held corporation, operating as a wholesaler in the auto parts industry. Specifically, Auto Zone purchases auto parts from manufacturers and sells them to large business customers. Most purchases and sales are on account, with trade credit terms (specified below).

Youâre a Davenport University student pursuing a bachelorâs degree in business and employed at the Auto Zone Company this semester as an intern. Youâve worked in various departments and on several projects so far, learning a lot about the companyâs business operations. Management seems impressed with your enthusiasm and the quality of your work.

The companyâs accountant has just been called away for a family emergency and will likely be absent for a month or so. The General Manager asks you to take over the accountantâs regular duties on an interim basis. Youâre nervous about doing so, but are confident that what youâve learned in accounting class, plus your personal problem-solving skills, will make this a successful experience. What a great learning opportunity, not to mention an enhancement to your resume!

Part I

Journal Entries

a. Within the "Transactions" worksheet you will find journal entry statements. Use those statements to write the corresponding journal entries. You are to write the journal entries in the proper special journal. The special journals included within this workbook include the Sales Journal, Purchases Journal, Cash Receipts Journal and Cash Payments Journal. Any transaction that does natually work within one of the special journals should be written into the General Journal.

b.Within the "Transactions" worksheet you will find journal entry statements. At the end of this list you will find "adjusting" information. Use this "adjusting" information to write the respective adjusting journal entries. Write all adjusting entries in the worksheet labled "General Journal ADJ".

c. Before starting work, review the entire project: all instructions, business transactions descriptions, workbook sections, check figures, due dates, and submission requirements.

Credit Terms & Inventory Accounting

a. When Auto Zone purchases merchandise from a supplier or vendor on account, they receive credit terms of 2/15, net 30.

b. When Auto Zone sells merchandise to a customer on account, they offer that customer credit terms of 2/30, net 45.

c. Auto Zone uses a perpetual inventory accounting system and a last-in, first-out (LIFO) inventory costing method. Within this workbook there is a worksheet labeled "Inventory Control". You will need to use the "Inventory Control" worksheet to keep a perptual record of your inventory. As part of that process you will be calculating the value of CGS each time you generate a sale. Use the "Inventory Control" worksheet to calcluate your Cost of Goods Sold values.

d. Auto Zone uses the "Gross" method of accounting for purchases and sales. The "Net" method assumes that discounts are taken at the point of sale or purchase.

MAY JOURNAL TRANSACTIONS

May 1

Paid $2,100 to LG for utilities bill that was recorded in April as an Account Payable, Check #1000.

May 1

Purchased 3,000 GPS units on Credit from Yamaha for $35.00 per unit.

May 1

Purchases office supplies from Staples on credit for $1,800

May 1

Signed a one-year 15%, $150,000 note payable with Chase Bank.

May 2

Rented part of the warehouse to a new tenant and received $12,000 for three months rent (May, June, July).

May 2

Sold 2,000 Aux Cords on account to Tesla for $85 per units, Invoice #2000.

May 2

Sold 400 USB Ports for $70 per unit and 1,200 GPS units for $75 per unit on account to Dodge, Invoice #2001.

May 3

Received a bill from the law firm of Davenport Associates for $6,300, payable upon receipt, for bond consulting fees, Check #1001.

May 4

Sold 500 Aux Cords on credit to Buick for $77 per unit, Invoice #2002.

May 4

Purchased 2,100 USB Ports on credit from Shure for $45 per unit.

May 5

Paid for office supplies purchased at Staples on May 1st, Check #1002.

May 7

Sold 200 GPS units on account to Chevrolet for $49 per unit, Invoice #2003.

May 8

Issued 4,750 shares of common stock for $13 per share

May 11

Purchased 1,875 GPS units on credit from Sony for $25 per unit.

May 11

The Board of Directors declared a cash dividend of $7 per share for shareholders of record on May 13th, payable on May 17th.

May 12

Paid in full for the May 1 purchase from Yamaha, Check #1003.

May 13

Received and paid expense reports for travel and entertainment totaling $1,500, Check #1004.

May 13

Took advantage of a special deal to purchase 1,500 Aux Cords on account from Panasonic for $42 per unit.

May 15

Received payment in full from Tesla for the May 2nd sale.

May 15

Sold 1,050 USB Ports on credit to Chevrolet for $57 per unit, Invoice #2004.

May 16

Received payment from Buick for $125,000 of the $300,000 owed from April 5.

May 17

Paid the dividend that was declared on May 11th, Check #1005.

May 17

Check # 1006 was issued for payroll: $14,900 for salaries and $5,100 for wages.

May 20

Issued a credit to Chevrolet for the return of 150 defective units from the May 7th sale. These units has a cost basis of $35 per unit.

May 20

Returned the 150 defective units received from Chevrolet to Yamaha.

May 22

Purchased a $500 international phone card for one of the sales representative's upcoming European business trip, Check #1008.

May 23

Issued bonds payable at face value for $420,000

May 23

Purchased 2,080 USB Ports from Shure for $41 per unit paying in cash, Check #1009

May 24

Check #1010 was issued for payroll: $14,900 for salaries and $5,100 for wages.

May 25

Hired and paid a consultant $50,000 to devise a marketing plan. Auto Zone's management felt this was necessary to develop brand awareness. Check #1011.

May 26

While inspecting the May 11th purchase, it was discovered that the GPS units were programmed for Asia instead of North America. Auto Zone returned the entire order to Sony.

May 27

A bankruptcy judge disallowed Auto Zone's claim for $25,000 due from Jeep. Management Decided to write off this accounts receivable.

May 27

Sold 500 USB Ports on credit to GMC for $61 per unit, Invoice #2005.

May 29

Paid in full for the purchase from Panasonic on May 13, Check #1012.

May 29

Received payment in full from GMC for the May 27th transaction.

May 30

Auto Zone is behind in its mortgage payments to Fifth Third Bank. Paid a total of $20,000 ($5,000 principal and $15,000 interest), Check #1013.

May 31

Paid the first month's principal payment of $12,500 on the note payable. In addition, paid one month's interest, Check #1007

*All purchases on account terms of 2/15, n/30

**All credit sales have terms of 2/30, n/45

May Month-end Adjustments:

( A )

The Company took a physical count of Office Supplies on May 30 and found the following the value of inventory on hand to be $2,500. The beginning inventory was $3,200. Write the adjusting journal entry.

( B )

Auto Zone estimates bad debt expense on a monthly basis rather than waiting until year-end. The company uses the allowance method. Based on recent industry estimates, Auto Zone estimates that the allowance account should be 7.5% of accounts receivable. The ending AR balance is $850,000. At the end of the month (prior to this journal entry) there is a CREDIT balance of $19,000 in the Allowance for Doubtful Accounts account. Write the necessary adjusting entry.

( C )

The Balance of $23,000 in the prepaid insurance account at the beginning of May represents 5 months of coverage. Record the amount of insurance for May.

( D )

The Company took a physical inventory count on May 30 and found the following inventory on hand to be $100,641. The ending balance in the Inventory account (before this adjusting entry) was $128,947. Write the necessary adjusting entry.

( E )

Auto Zone has earned two months of the prepaid rent received from their tenant at the beginning of May.

( F )

Depreciation on the company's fixed assets for the month of May is as follows:

1. The furniture and equipment for the office was purchased last year for $7,350. these assets have a 5 year life, an expected salvage value of $500, and are depreicated using straight-line method.

2. The furniture and equipment for the warehouse was purchased a few years ago for $30,000. These assets have a 8-year life, an expected salvage value of $5,000, and are depreciated using the straight-line method.

Shoe:

GPS

Beginning Inventory (BI)

Purchases

Sales

Ending Inventory (EI)

Beginning Inventory (BI)

Purchases

Sales

Ending Inventory (EI)

Beginning Inventory (BI)

Purchases

Sales

Ending Inventory (EI)

QUESTION 1 The knowledge of financial accounting can assist people with decisions such as whether to extend credit to a business. True False 0.2 points Saved QUESTION 2 Employees of a company would not have a reason to use the information provided by financial accounting. True False 0.2 points Saved

QUESTION 3 Financial accounting should be used for assessing the financial health of large organizations only. True False 0.2 points Saved

QUESTION 4 Financial accounting can be helpful for a job candidate who is assessing the financial future of a potential employer. True False 0.2 points Saved QUESTION 5 Lenders might use the information produced by financial accounting when making loan decisions. True False 0.2 points Saved

QUESTION 6 Credit analysts prefer not to use information provided by financial accounting, as it is not accurate. True False 0.2 points Saved

QUESTION 7 Financial accounting is helpful to investment advisors. True False 0.2 points Saved

QUESTION 8 Financial accounting is more useful than managerial accounting. True False 0.2 points Saved

QUESTION 9 The decision to buy or rent equipment is an example of a decision aided by managerial accounting. True False 0.2 points Saved

QUESTION 10 Which of the following statements is true of financial accounting? A. It is used by external parties to make investment decisions. B. It is used to make lease or purchase decisions. C. Managerial accounting is another name for financial accounting, D. It is primarily used to make internal decisions of a business. E. The effectiveness of advertising can be judged using financial accounting. 0.2 points Saved QUESTION 11 The charge for using money over time, often associated with long-term loans, is known as: A. interest. B. principal. C. distribution charge. D. cash dividend. E. preferred dividend. 0.2 points Saved QUESTION 12 Which of the following is a common feature of financial and managerial accounting? A. Both have same objectives B. Both are prepared according to U.S. GAAP C. Both are reported at year end in the annual report D. Both are analyzed by external users while making investment decisions E. Both are used by the management in making decisions 0.2 points Saved

QUESTION 13 Dividends are required to be paid to stockholders on an annual basis. True False 0.2 points Saved

QUESTION 14 An individual who owns one or more shares of stock in a corporation is an owner of that corporation. True False 0.2 points Saved

QUESTION 15 Corporations do not exist as separate legal entities apart from their owners. True False 0.2 points Save Answer

QUESTION 16 It is very difficult to buy or sell ownership shares of a corporation in a stock exchange. True False 0.2 points Saved

QUESTION 17 Stock markets match up investors who wish to buy shares with those who wish to sell them. True False 0.2 points Saved

QUESTION 18 Legal process by which owners of an organization apply to a state government to have it identified as an entity legally separate from its owners is called: A. stocking. B. filling. C. attributing. D. registration. E. incorporation. 0.2 points Saved

QUESTION 19 An advantage of ownership in a sole proprietorship over ownership in a corporation is: A. tax benefits. B. having a board of directors. C. the ability to raise capital through issuance of stock. D. separation of owner and business as legal entities. E. limited liability for debts. 0.2 points Saved

QUESTION 20 Who hires the management of a corporation? A. Stockholders B. Board of directors C. Creditors D. Government E. SEC 0.2 points Saved QUESTION 21 Inventory refers to the: A. excess amount paid for an asset over its fair value. B. intangible assets of a business. C. merchandise bought or manufactured for the purpose of selling. D. amount of net income reinvested by company for future operations. E. revenue generated from investment. 0.2 points Saved QUESTION 22 Investors use financial information to predict whether a: A. company will recruit more employees. B. company's stock price will increase C. company has invested in buildings. D. company will pay salaries. E. company's bond price will increase. 0.2 points Saved

QUESTION 23 Financial accounting can be compared to a portrait. True False 0.2 points Saved

QUESTION 24 Financial statements provide the form and structure for the conveyance of financial information that will create a likeness of the reporting organization. True False 0.2 points Saved

QUESTION 25 The information reported in financial statements must be exact for an investor to make any decision. True False 0.2 points Saved

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Background

Clothing sales have risen dramatically in recent years, thanks to several trends that appear likely to continue. It was reported that the global demand for clothing looks set to increase significantly over the coming decade as millions of people in developing countries enter the middle class and spend more on apparel. It also seems the demand for fast fashion will only continue to grow (Remy et al. 2016). This is further supported by a new research from Kurt Salmon, part of Accenture Strategy, one in eight younger consumers (18 to 24 year olds) shopping every week and buying a fashion item at least once a fortnight (Accenture 2017). Clothing production doubled from 2000 to 2014, and the number of garments purchased each year by the average consumer increased by 60 percent. Fast fashion has been a particularly hot segment and a source of enviable growth for some clothing companies (Remy et al. 2016).

The process of making a piece of clothing involves multiple suppliers across the supply chain in the following processes including: farmers who grow the raw materials; ginners receive cotton from multiple growers and sell to the global market through traders; spinners use cotton from a variety of origins to produce yarn and fabric mills produce cloth. The manufacturing process begins which involves cutting, sewing, trimming, embroidery, orienting, and washing. Next, the manufacturers ship the garments wholesale to the brand that placed the orders who distributes garments globally to retail and online stores (Human Rights Watch 2017). At the end of its life, the apparel/garments may either be recycled or discarded and go to landfill. The manufacturing usually involves multiple suppliers in a very complex supply chain, which reduces transparency and visibility along the complex value chain. Brands therefore are not aware of what happen at their suppliersâ business along the supply chain. Brands also do not typically deal directly with all those suppliers, and many do not bother to dig deep into their supply chains (Gunther 2016).

On the other hand, consumers are, attracted by the low cost and constantly update product ranges with new styles and designs. Consumers are buying these clothes much more often and in greater quantities, but often wearing them only a handful of times before discarding them. This fast-fashion industry and ecosystem consumes large amounts of natural resources in the production, which ultimately accelerating carbon emissions and global warming. The industry has also been linked to a number of cases of worker abuses in countries producing the garments. The workers were underpaid and exposed to unsafe and poor workplace conditions, particularly when handling materials like cotton and leather that require extensive processing (Remy et al. 2016). One example is the disaster at Rana Plaza, which is one of the deadliest accidents in the fashion industry happened on 24th April 2013. (The Economist 4th May 2013). Over 1,130 people were killed and 2,500 more were injured when the Rana Plaza factory complex collapsed in Dhaka, Bangladesh. It was reported that people crushed under those eight floors were working for dozens of familiar multinational brands and retailers. It is âone of the many negligent accidents that plague the garment industryâ (Fashion Revolution CIC 2015, p.4).

Assignment Tasks

Assume you are a newly appointed accountant in a local fashion company -RTXM Clothing Company (RTXM) - based in Melbourne, Australia. This is a private family business with 20 shareholders. Currently, the company has seven different departments, include Accounting and Finance, R&D (product design and development), Salesand Marketing, Human Resources, Information Technology, Distribution and Logistics, and Merchandising, with a total of 130 employees. Managers in each department are given the authority regarding operational decisions and their performance is measured based on the companyâs profit, and all the other employees receive the fixed salary package. The company pays taxes to Australia Taxation Office (ATO) on a regular basis.

Originally, the business offered only t-shirts and jeans. As the business was trying to join the growing fast fashion industry, it expanded its product lines to include dress, trousers, shorts, hoodies & sweats, socks, shoes, and bags. The objective was to provide a wide selection of product lines in order to reach more fashion conscious consumers. A characteristic of them market is consumers are mainly attracted by low price, and frequent new styles and designs, so the company also seeks to find the suppliers with low prices. The business has retail stores in the major city across Australia and online store. Since the company expanded its product line, managers from different departments found the number of complaints received from customers have tripled. Most complaints are related to the product quality (products are either defective or damaged), items consistently out of stock, online shopping experience (delivery of wrong items and long response time to emails), and in-store experience (lack of attention from sales representatives), and some customers have posted complaints on RTXM social media.

In order to enhance the overall performance, the company is considering using a range of key performance indicators in managing its performance. This is to ensure that the company keeps track of its performance and to achieve the objectives they set for the identified issues.

In addition, the CEO and senior management decide to find new suppliers to improve the product quality, however, they encountered a dilemma. On the one hand, they found a supplier in Bangladesh, Super Cheap who can provide a large range of products to fit in their business expansion plan with a competitive price and all products can be supplied in a short time frame. However, after a careful investigation into this companyâs background, they found this supplier has a major issue with labor conditions throughout their supply chains, including the use of child labor, low wages, and health and safety hazards, and long working hours. In terms of the environmental aspect, Super Cheap consumes a few thousand litres of water to produce a cotton t-shirt and over ten-thousand litres to produce a pair of jeans, and wastewater discharge into the local river, and it did not take any action to solve this issue. The polluted water is no longer fit for drinking or laundry, fishes no longer exist in this river, and local residences complain that their homes are flooded by dirty water.

On the other hand, RTXM has another potential supplier, called Green Fashion, who only provides limited product range with a higher price, and products can be supplied in a reasonable time frame. However, Green Fashion takes account of sustainability and makes it as part of their business, and their sustainability agenda has been presented on its website,

including fashion designs that is kind to the environment, they also ethically source materials and labour, promote work-life balance of the employee in the retail business, and provide incentives to their local and outsourcing partners and their employees if their targets are met. The CEO and management of RTXM learnt that Green Fashion has very similar values and sustainability agenda. RTXM considers sustainability as part of the business. It is reported on their websites that the company wants to rethink fashion designs so that they are kind to the environment, to ethically source materials and labour, promote work-life balance of the employee in the retail business, and provide incentives to their local and outsourcing partners and their employees if their targets are met.

Required:

As an accountant of the company, you would like to have a better understanding of how the sustainability of the company will impact on the stakeholders. You believe the most efficient way is to identify important stakeholders. Refer to the case and identify five relevant stakeholder groups and discuss how different accounts could be used to satisfy each groupâs information requirements.

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ACC 358 Lecture Notes - Lecture 1: Financial Statement, Petty Cash, Accounts Payable

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