CTAC 224 Lecture Notes - Lecture 1: Industrial Revolution, Betty Friedan, Sex Segregation
How it was received: Encouraged women to take initiative, and claim their education
"The Reply to Sor Philotea"
Author: De la Cruz
Main Points: Vocalizes her choice to live a life of chastity. Defends her own rights as well as women's
rights in general to pursue life of literature and edu. Believes edu is great resource. Used religion/biblical
models to argue for capabilities of women. Women should be educated so they can teach younger girls.
Draws inspiration from female historical figures in the Bible.
the church didn't believe in many positions and rights for woman, but she believed that with education
and the examples of woman from the bible, they could be successful in the church.
How is was received:
"Daughters in Boxes"
Author: Toshiko
Main Points: Daughters in Japan put in "boxes" by family. Box 1 represents restriction from outside
world, 2 represents obedience without complaint, 3 represent edu in ancient knowledge. You should
raise girls with no limitations, let them grow and be educated and developed, study first then marry,
education is resistance (can resist what society want - boxes).
How it was received: Not perceived well, she put herself in danger at the time.Arrested and fined after
speech.
"Equality of Rights"
Author: Dinez Main Points: Women's emancipation through education. Education allows women to see
their own worth and help men to see that women deserve the right to vote.
the industrial revolution and expansion of suffrage from male property owners to all males. She
published a journal that supported emancipation of slaves as well as women's rights to property and
education,
Education will bring about the ability to "throw out old prejudices" and make women "fully aware of
their own worth" and bring men to realise that women deserve to vote, instead of perpetuating a reality
in which women live under the "semi-slavery" of laws decreed by men who treat women "like queens,
only to give us the scepter of the kitchen or the procreation machine."
The basis of this equality is natural law. In natural law, "women as mothers represent the sanctity of
infinite love" and "as daughters they represent angelic tenderness. As wives, immoral fidelity." These
qualities which are gifts from the "Supreme Creator" prove women's superiority.
How it was received:
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"A Vindication of the Rights of Women"
Author: Mary Wollstonecraft
Main Points: Focused on the moral demand of equality, especially in education. Suggested that both
men and women should be treated as rational beings.The key is to give women access to same edu
opportunities. The nation will be better because women have the ability to have a job, be independent,
make money, etc. Critiques notions that women are helpless adornments of a household. They couldn't
be good mothers, wives, household managers without good edu. People work better and make better
decisions with men and women both working together.
How it was received: Was the first feminist manifesto accredited with starting the first wave feminist
movement - sparked people's involvement in the movement.
"Two Speeches"
Author: Truth
Main Points: Demonstrated how identities are constituted through power relations. Deconstructs major
truth-claims about gender. Allows people who discriminate to acknowledge pain and violence. People
cared about colored men getting rights, but there was little with colored women, white women had
some rights but blacks still discriminated against.. She spoke of how she can do many things just as well
as men if given the opportunity. do just as much, eat just was much, but not given qual pay or rights.
whats the point of holding black women back?
How it was received: Gave black women a reason to fight for equal rights
"Men's and Women's Studies: Premises, Peril, and Promise"
Author: Micheal Kimmel
Main Points: Women studies has made men visible, women have gender, but men don't because they
are the standard. Therefore, these issues are invisible to men. When looking in mirror, white women see
a woman, black women see a black woman (see their disadvantage). man sees a human being, not
class/race/gender because he is the norm
How it was received:
"The Liberation of Women"
Author: Qasim Amin
Main Points: Advocated Egyptian women's rights, declaring they were slaves of their husbands with no
identity of their own. The refusal of natural rights kept the nation in the dark. Amin was an advocate for
women's emancipation. Main goals of writing: proper upbringing (edu) of women and independent will
in marriages. Refusal of natural rights for women kept Egypt in dark. Qaran supported women's rights.
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How it was received:
"An Introduction to Gender"
Author: Eckert and Ginet
Main Points: Gender is learned, gender is collaborative, gender isn't something we have but something
we do, gender is asymmetrical.
How it was received:
Second Sex
Author: Simone de Beauvoir
Main Points: Man, believing himself to be the essential being or subject, has treated woman as the
unessential being, or object. Woman's idea of herself is socially constructed. States how women and all
minorities are considered "the other." Denied that gendered differences were based on biology. Author
tried to tell women that there was something they all shared that could unite them all, but women were
divided due to other characteristics (race, sexual orientation, class).
How it was received: This was a whole new way of thinking, people were very surprised by it. It was a
revelatory concept: gender was a construct, not part of the person. Reception was mixed because it was
such a new concept.
Feminine Mystique
Author: Betty Friedan
Written in: 1963
Main Points: Women had dissatisfying feeling, "the problem that had no name." Blamed on marriage or
problems within herself to justify the feeling. Women kept these problems and feeling to themselves
until they realized that all women were feeling this as well. Women want more than children, husband,
house, this more is careers.
How it was received: Allowed people to start talking about this problem, women realized they were not
alone. Some were not in favor of her book because it's homophobic and the problems were associated
with white, upper-middle class mothers and wives, ignoring other women of different races and classes.
"La Consciencia de la Mestiza"
Author: Anzaldua
Main Points: Mestiza makes you not belong to one category, but an intertwined range of many races.
Author also identifies as a woman, lesbian, and feminist. Because she was a lesbian, wasn't accepted.
This shows the problems encountered from being torn between different groups and encompassing
intersectionality.
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Document Summary
How it was received: encouraged women to take initiative, and claim their education. Main points: vocalizes her choice to live a life of chastity. Defends her own rights as well as women"s rights in general to pursue life of literature and edu. Used religion/biblical models to argue for capabilities of women. Women should be educated so they can teach younger girls. Main points: daughters in japan put in boxes by family. Box 1 represents restriction from outside world, 2 represents obedience without complaint, 3 represent edu in ancient knowledge. You should raise girls with no limitations, let them grow and be educated and developed, study first then marry, education is resistance (can resist what society want - boxes). How it was received: not perceived well, she put herself in danger at the time. arrested and fined after speech. Author: dinez main points: women"s emancipation through education.
