PSY 101 Lecture Notes - Lecture 3: Endel Tulving, Free Recall, Explicit Memory
• Works losel ith orkig eor STM
• Storage strethes fro a fe oets ago to
as far back as one can remember
• More reet eories are ore detailed
Free Recall
asked to generate response from memory.
Cued Recall
a prompt given to facilitate response generation.
Recognition
asked to identify target from distracter items.
Retrieval
process of transferring information from LTM back into
working memory (consciousness)
Context-dependent memory
We learn information together with its context
• Match between study and test
: new material is most likely to be recalled when the
person is in the same mental, emotional, or biological
state as when the material was learned.
• Cotet reistateet i test
Godden & Baddeley (1975)
Context-dependent learning
Grant et al.'s (1998)
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"studying" experiment.
(Smith et al. 1978,),
college students took final exams in:
- The same room where the course was taught:
- A novel classroom:
- A novel classroom /mentally go over the study room
before test,
Students' exam performance was not affected by testing in a new classroom if thought about the study
room.
Eich and Metcalfe (1989)
Better memory if person's mood at encoding
matches mood during retrieval
Tulving & Pearlstone (1966)
free recall (recall the words) 40%
cued recall (recall the words with learning context) 70%
Mantyla (1986)
No cue provided at study: other person cue provided at test (17%)
Other person cue provided at study: ditto (55%)
Created cue at study: ditto (90%)
Barclay et al., 1974
STUDY- 'PIANO'
'The man lifted the piano' or 'The man tuned the piano'
- TEST - Hint: something 'heavy' or something 'nice sound'
Only congruent hint was effective
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Document Summary
Works (cid:272)losel(cid:455) (cid:449)ith (cid:449)orki(cid:374)g (cid:373)e(cid:373)or(cid:455) (cid:894)stm(cid:895, storage stret(cid:272)hes fro(cid:373) a fe(cid:449) (cid:373)o(cid:373)e(cid:374)ts ago to as far back as one can remember, more re(cid:272)e(cid:374)t (cid:373)e(cid:373)ories are (cid:373)ore detailed. Free recall asked to generate response from memory. Cued recall a prompt given to facilitate response generation. Recognition asked to identify target from distracter items. Retrieval process of transferring information from ltm back into working memory (consciousness) We learn information together with its context: match between study and test. : new material is most likely to be recalled when the person is in the same mental, emotional, or biological state as when the material was learned: co(cid:374)te(cid:454)t rei(cid:374)state(cid:373)e(cid:374)t i(cid:374) test. The same room where the course was taught: A novel classroom /mentally go over the study room before test, Students" exam performance was not affected by testing in a new classroom if thought about the study room. Better memory if person"s mood at encoding matches mood during retrieval.
