PCB 4043 Lecture Notes - Lecture 5: Insular Biogeography, Biogeography, Hectare

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orchidbeaver616

13 Jun 2016

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Biogeography: study of patterns of species composition and diversity across geographic locations: example: tropical rainforests have a higher species diversity than oak woodlands in california or grasslands, lots of diversity across latitude changes. Example: amazon rainforest- 4*s, 60*w has approximately 1,300, but at a higher latitude in the boreal forests in canada (64*n, 125*w) has approximately 2 tree species. More species diversity farther south: example: one hectare of rain forest in the amazon contains more plant species than all of europe. Wayyyy more species diversity in the tropics than other parts of the world. Some areas have a lot of endemic species: species that are unique only to a certain area: example: new zealand. Even in new zealand itself, you have north island and south island which are also unique from each other. Why is biogeography a field: started way back in 19th century, trying to understand why you see different species in different areas.

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You go on an expedition to the mountain forests of the remote island of Halmahera, Indonesia. You discover a new species of arboreal primate that is only found deep in the forest. It is endemic to a single mountain range and is found nowhere else. Logging companies are beginning to explore the area and may start building roads soon in order to provide access to the remote forest for logging.

What effects could road building have on the primate population within the next 10 years?

SELECT ALL THAT APPLY (You may need to select more than one answer)

Higher light penetration and lower relative humidity could make areas alongside the roads less suitable for the primates

The likelihood of contracting a new disease would increase in the primate population

Speciation could occur so that populations in isolated forest fragments could split into different species

Its population could increase because of the greater availability of forest edges for foraging

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Question 412 pts

Which of the below is NOT an example of an ecosystem service?

Pollination of crops by native bees

Revenue generated by clear-cutting of tropical dry forest

The presence of an intact forest maintaining constant water flow in streams throughout the dry season in a tropical region

Rainforest trees removing carbon from the atmosphere

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Question 422 pts

Climate change must be factored into the design of new conservation areas and in new land acquisitions made by current reserves. Which of the below types of habitat would be given highest priority for conservation in light of climate change?

SELECT ALL THAT APPLY (You may need to select more than one answer)

Small isolated patches of habitat

Long and narrow areas of habitat that are oriented parallel to latitude

Patches of habitat that join existing conservation areas

Elevational gradients

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The Ngorongoro Crater lion population in Tanzania is isolated from nearby Serengeti lion populations. In 1962, the population crashed due to disease, dropping from 90 individuals to less than 20. The population of lions today is currently exhibiting a high rate of sperm abnormalities, which are rare outside the crater population. What is the likely cause of this?

SELECT ALL THAT APPLY (You may need to select more than one answer)

Matings between closely related individuals

Natural selection for fitter sperm phenotypes

Radiation from the crater that is causing new mutations

Lower genetic diversity than normal populations of lions due to a population bottleneck in 1962

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What is considered to be the most likely hypothesis for the cause of the extinction of the Pleistocene megafauna?

Hunting by early humans

An asteroid collision that changed the climate

Massive volcanic eruptions that strengthened the greenhouse effect and led to global warming

The global radiation of marsupial mammals that outcompeted the megafauna and made them go extinct