BSC 1086C Lecture Notes - Lecture 11: Gastrointestinal Tract, Cell Membrane, Pancreatic Juice

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30 Mar 2017
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Six essential activities: ingestion, propulsion, mechanical digestion, chemical digestion, absorption, defecation. Lipids, especially animal fats, also aren"t broken down much, but mixed with the protein pasts. This makes it possible for lipases to chemically digest lipids, whereas without it most fat/lipids would end up in the large intestine. Bacteria there break down the fat and can cause a so-called steatorrhea. Mouth: saliva contains amylase, which breaks down starch (flour) to disaccharides: the longer the food stays in the mouth the more starch will be broken down, amylase doesn"t act on cellulose and similar complex structural carbohydrates. Stomach: hydrochloric acid denatures functional and structural proteins in the food, including bacterial proteins. It also activates pepsinogen to pepsin, which starts enzymatic digestion of proteins down to peptides: salivary amylase is inactivated by the low ph in stomach fluid. During a bigger meal the food coming in to the stomach amylase more time to breakdown starch.

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