CPO-2002 Lecture Notes - Lecture 2: Syllogism, Consistency, Scientific Method

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21 Oct 2016
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Not a body of knowledge: this is circular reasoning. A method for provisionally understanding the world. All scientific statements must be potentially testable. Non-falsifiable statements: tautology- a statement that is true by definition, statements about unobservable phenomena. Theory: set of logically consistent statements that tell us why things occur, proposes a cause, may be referred to as a model, either formal or informal. Theory construction: consider starting puzzle as the end result of some unknown process, speculate about what process may have produced such a result. This becomes your model explaining the observation. Hypotheses: deduced implications from the model other than those we set out to explain in the first place, (cid:862)if theoreti(cid:272)al e(cid:454)pla(cid:374)atio(cid:374) is true, (cid:449)hat (cid:449)ould (cid:449)e e(cid:454)pe(cid:272)t to o(cid:271)ser(cid:448)e? (cid:863, good theories generate multiple implications. Empirical observations: testing claims, we (cid:449)a(cid:374)t (cid:862)diffi(cid:272)ult(cid:863) tests that do(cid:374)"t (cid:373)ake it eas(cid:455) to (cid:272)o(cid:374)fir(cid:373) our e(cid:454)pe(cid:272)tatio(cid:374)s. If we observe those things implied by our theory, then the theory is supported.

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