PPE-3003 Lecture Notes - Lecture 12: Trait Theory, Ingroups And Outgroups, Extraversion And Introversion
Document Summary
To (a) predict behavior, and (b) understand behavior. 4 basic methods to connect traits with behavior: single-trait approach (cid:862)what do people with a certain personality trait do? (cid:863) (examines correlations between one trait and many behaviors) *it is not necessarily better to be high or to be low. 100 personality descriptions sorted into a forced choice of 5 most characteristic and 5 least characteristic. Word use certain words related to being perceived as: intelligent, verbally fluent, turned to for advice, ambitious, generous (e. g. , (cid:862)a(cid:271)solutel(cid:455)(cid:863), (cid:862)trul(cid:455)(cid:863)(cid:895) Conservative: feeling guilty, anxious, and unable to handle stress well as children; favor valued of in-group loyalty, authority, respect, purity. Liberal: resourceful, independent, self-reliant, confident as children. Authoritarian: uncooperative and inflexible, likely to obey command to harm others, fewer positive emotions, prefer strong leaders: essential-trait approach (cid:862)(cid:449)hi(cid:272)h traits are (cid:373)ost i(cid:373)porta(cid:374)t? (cid:863) Murra(cid:455) theorized 20 traits (cid:894)(cid:862)(cid:374)eeds(cid:863)(cid:895) to u(cid:374)dersta(cid:374)d perso(cid:374)alit(cid:455) Block theorized only two ego resilience (psychological adjustment) and ego control (impulse control)
