ECON 101 Lecture Notes - Lecture 31: Aggregate Supply, Aggregate Demand, Menu Cost

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22 Dec 2020

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In the long run, the aggregate supply curve is vertical, and it is downward sloping in the short run. Why its vertical in the long run: In the long run, real gdp depends on its supplies of labor, capital, and natural. Because the price level does not affect the long-run determinants of real gdp, resources and the available technology. the long-run aggregate supply curve is vertical. The natural rate of output is the production of goods and services that an economy achieves in the long run when unemployment is at its normal rate. Ex: immigration would cause more workers which would increase the supply of goods and services and shift the aggregate supply curve to the right. Ex: increasing capital stock increases productivity, which shifts the long run aggregate supply curve to the right. Ex: the discovery of a new mineral deposit would increase production and shift the long run aggregate supply curve to the right.

Related Questions

Oil Price Shocks
Both the long-run aggregate supply curve and the short-run aggregate supply curve shift in response to changes in the availability of labor or capital or to changes in technology and productivity. A widespread temporary change in the prices of factors of production, however, can cause a shift in the short-run aggregate supply curve without affecting the long-run aggregate supply curve.

Tasks:
Suppose there is a temporary but significant increase in oil prices in an economy with an upward-sloping Short-Run Aggregate Supply (SRAS) curve. If policymakers wish to prevent the equilibrium price level from changing in response to the oil price increase, should they increase or decrease the quantity of money in circulation? Why?
APA guidelines, standards, and formatting.

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1. In the long run, when prices are perfectly flexible:

a. aggregate supply is vertical and a market economy is self-correcting.

b. a market economy cannot self-correct.

c. government will be required to set prices to maintain equilibrium.

d. changes in aggregate demand cause equilibrium real GDP to change.

2. An increase in household wealth when the SRAS curve is upward sloping:

a. leads to an increase in the price level but has no impact on real GDP

b. has no impact on the price level but leads to an increase in real GDP

c. leads to an increase in both the price level and real GDP

d. has no impact on the price level or real GDP

3. In the long run, continued increases in aggregate demand not matched by similar increases in aggregate supply will cause:

a. an increase in the full-employment level of real GDP

b. a recessionary gap

c. a decrease in the price level

d. an increase in the price level

4. The vertical long-run aggregate supply curve implies that:

a. changes in aggregate demand will not affect the price level

b. the short-run aggregate supply curve is also vertical

c. natural or full-employment real GDP does not depend on the price level, in the long run

d. natural or full-employment real GDP is the same as the equilibrium real GDP in the short run

5. A rightward shift of the long-run aggregate supply curve illustrates:

a. economic growth

b. a recessionary gap

c. an inflationary gap

d. a decrease in natural real GDP

6. When the economy is in a recessionary gap

a. there is a surplus of labor

b. there is a shortage of labor

c. it is producing a real GDP level that is greater than natural real GDP

d. the unemployment rate is less than the natural unemployment rate

7. If the actual unemployment rate is less than the natural unemployment rate:

a. a recessionary gap exists and wages are likely to rise

b. an inflationary gap exists and wages are likely to rise

c. a recessionary gap exists and wages are likely to fall

d. an inflationary gap exists and wages are likely to fall

8. An economy in long-run equilibrium is producing:

a. a level of real GDP that is greater than its natural real GDP

b. where both the price level and real output are maximized

c. a level of real GDP equal to its natural real GDP

d. in the vertical range of aggregate demand.

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In the Keynesian model

aggregate demand determines real GDP per year.

the short-run aggregate supply curve determines real GDP.

unemployment cannot persist for long periods of time.

the aggregate demand curve determines the price level.

A terrible winter storm causes enormous problems in the

northeastern

part of the United States. This would cause

the short-run aggregate supply curve to shift to the left, but would have no effect on the long-run aggregate supply curve.

both the short-run and the long-run aggregate supply curves to shift to the left, but the long-run aggregate supply curve would shift more than the short-run curve.

the short-run aggregate supply curve to shift to the left, and the long-run aggregate supply curve would shift to the right.

both the short-run and the long-run aggregate supply curves to shift to the right in equal amounts.

Equilibrium real GDP rises after the dollar strengthened. From this we can conclude that

the increase in aggregate demand was greater than the decrease in aggregate supply.

the decrease in aggregate demand was more than the increase in aggregate supply.

the decrease in aggregate demand was less than the increase in aggregate supply.

the increase in aggregate demand was less than the decrease in aggregate supply.

Saving is

the difference between real GDP and disposable income while savings is the difference between disposable income and consumption spending.

the amount one does not consume in a given period of time while savings is the accumulation of past periods of saving.

the difference between disposable income and spending on goods and serviceswhile savings is the difference between real GDP and disposable income.

the accumulation of past periods of savings while savings is the amount of disposable income that is not consumed in a given period of time.

A permanent reduction in investment spending leads to

a proportional decrease in real GDP.

a more than proportional decrease in real GDP.

a more than proportional increase in real GDP.

a less than proportional decrease in real GDP.

An increase in net exports leads to an increase in real GDP. Further,

consumption spending increases while investment spending decreases.

consumption spending increases but saving does not change.

consumption spending and saving increase.

government spending decreases to offset the increase in net exports.

An increase in aggregate spending that is caused by a factor other than the price level will lead to the

aggregate demand curve shifting to the right.

aggregate supply curve shifting to the right.

aggregate supply curve shifting to the left.

aggregate demand curve shifting to the left.

The marginal propensity to consume is 0.9. The multiplier is

0.9.

1.11.

0.1.

10.

When the SRAS curve slopes upward, the actual affect of an increase in real autonomous spending on equilibrium real GDP is smaller than predicted by the multiplier because

real GDP increases.

the price level rises

the price level falls.

real GDP decreases.

Other things equal, the lower the total real value of final goods and services demanded in the economy the

more the production possibilities cure shifts to the left.

lower the price level.

higher the price level.

lower the level of endowments.

The long-run aggregate supply curve can be thought of as the

level of output for which real GDP equals nominal GDP.

level of output that the nation is currently producing.

level of real GDP associated with a constant price level.

full-employment level of real GDP.

ECON 101 Lecture Notes - Lecture 31: Aggregate Supply, Aggregate Demand, Menu Cost

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