CHEM 211 Lecture Notes - Lecture 1: Covalent Bond, Octet Rule, Electronegativity
31 Aug 2016
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Document Summary
Bonding and molecular structure: organic chem = compounds that contain carbon. Carbon: tends to share electrons, can bind with itself. Valence electrons = electrons in outer shell. Octet rule = atoms that form bonds to stabilize with eight outer electrons: two ways: ionic and covalent bonding. Ionic = transferring electrons, covalent = sharing electrons. Electron con guration! review this, will be on exam: 1s 2s 2p 3s 3p etc. Heterolysis: heterolytic bond cleavage = when one covalent bond is cleaved by removing the two electrons from one atom and grouping it with the other. When two electrons are moved one direction. Homolysis: homolytic bond cleavage = when bond is split by dividing the electrons. Lewis strucures: only valence electrons are signi cant, positive ion = remove an electron, negative ion = add an electron. Exceptions to octet: phosphorus and sulfur = can have more, boron = 6.
