BIOL 3600 Lecture Notes - Lecture 4: Upgma, Umber, Maximum Likelihood Estimation
Document Summary
Lc prompt evolution is always biologically harmonious and ecologically sustainable: extinction, humans are not sustainable, something about the process does support diversity though. No parsi(cid:373)o(cid:374)ious way for 3 things to form simultaneously things can form in tandem, but not simultaneously from the same common ancestor. Key terms: homology: shared character, similar because they are inherited from a common ancestor, synapomorphy = shared, derived character (evolved in immediate common ancestor to a clade and is shared by that clade. ) Note, the outgroup is not part of a clade: homoplasy = character state similarity not due to common descent. Homology and homoplasy: homology: identical character due to shared ancestry, homoplasy: identical character due to evolutionary convergence or reversal (convergent evolution or loss) analogous traits, outgroups need to be relevant to compare. Reconstructing phylogenies (on 11 july 2016 in planner) Phylogenetic reconstruction: trees can show topology only, or also have metric structure, metric structure assumes a specific model of molecular evolution.
