PHIL 1062 Lecture Notes - Lecture 9: Durable Good
4 Feb 2018
School
Department
Course
Professor
Locke Chapter II, III, V
1. State of Nature
• State men are naturally in perfect freedom within the rules of nature and
respecting equality
o Obligation to mutual love amongst men
o No one ought to harm another
o All are restrained from invading the other’s rights
• Punishment is the only reason a man may hurt another
o Proportional to his transgression
o WHY? Because those who transgress law of nature are dangerous to
mankind + every man has right to preserve its species everyone has
right to punish
• If a person is hurt, he has 2 rights: 1. Punishment (common to all men) 2.
Reparation (blood for blood)
• The right punishment must be
o An ill bargain for offender
o Give the offender cause to repent
o Terrify others from doing the same
• The judge of a punishment must be impartial bc self-love = revenge, ill nature,
passion carry punishment too far
2. State of War
• State of war= enmity and destruction declares by word or action
• A declaration of war exposes ones life to another’s power
o Everybody has right to destroy what threatens you (law of nature)
• If someone tries to enslave me I can initiate state of war because of the right
to complete freedom
o SO: killing a thief is lawful because he tried to put you under his own
power, enslave you in a way
• Difference between State of Nature and State of War
o Nature= men living together according to reason without a common
superior to judge them
o War= force or declared use of force when there is no common superior
to appeal to for relief
o Men put themselves into a society, thus quitting the state of Nature, to
avoid the state of War
3. Property
• God made the Earth for all men in common
• Man has property over his own person
o SO: all things given by nature cease to be in common when men puts
his own labor into them
• When God made Earth nobody was hurt because there was plenty of
everything for everyone, now Money allows you to possess more
• WHY was money created?
o God said we shouldn’t spoil anything so if you gather more crops than
needed and these go bad you robbed all the other men
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