GOV 97 Lecture Notes - Lecture 2: Purna Swaraj, Moses Finley, Danielle Allen
Demagogues
§
Consensus+and+the+national+interest
§
Community
§
Author+of+Democracy)Ancient)and)Modern
○
Moses+Finley
•
Justice
§
Constitution
§
Democracy
§
Virtue
§
Citizenship
§
Cosmopolitanism
§
Republic
§
Sovereignty
§
Author+of+The)Birth)of)Politics
○
Melissa+Lane
•
We+the+People+=+referring+to+the+poor
•
Instead+of+Ancient+and+Modern…+Ancient,+Pre-industrial,+and+Post-industrial
•
Pericles
○
Aristotle
○
Ancient
•
Declaration+of+independence
○
Federalist+papers
○
Declaration+of+the+Rights+of+Man+and+Citizen
○
Pre-Industrial
•
Benjamin+constant
○
Purna+Swaraj
○
UN+Declaration+of+Human+Rights
○
Post-Industrial
•
Promotes+social+crises
§
Slaver/Division+of+Labor
○
Basis+of+Membership+(families)
○
Role+of+Law
○
Voted+on+questions+of+war,+trade,+etc□
No+slaves+or+outsiders
®
All+Athenians+participated□
Adult+male+was+representative+for+family□
Idiotas:+anyone+who+didn't+participate+in+politics□
Women+should+never+be+spoken+or+heard+of□
All+Athenians+(men)+rotated+into+a+position+in+the+6,000+person+assembly
§
Degree+of+Participation+in+Politics
○
Participating+in+politics+is+how+Athenians+became+educated
§
Role+of+Education
○
No+such+thing
§
Anytime+there+was+a+threat+to+democracy+it+was+illegitimate
§
Right+of+Evolution
○
Definition+of+Liberty
○
Completely+bound+to+one+another
§
Rich+=+free
§
Poor+=+slave
§
Freedom+was+limited+to+people+with+wealth
§
Freedom+required+political+equality
§
Relation+between+liberty+and+equality
○
Themes+across+time
•
Father+was+a+physician+for+Philip+(father+of+Alexander+the+Great)
○
Studied+with+Plato
○
Gives+account+of+democracy+although+not+in+favor+of+it
○
Argues+that+the+best+city+is+the+one+that+achieves+justice
○
Pursue+the+"good+life"
○
Monarchy+is+best+form+of+society,+however+difficult+to+always+have+the+best+man+in+charge
○
Aristocracy+becomes+second+best+form+of+government
○
The+affairs+of+the+city+-"Constitution"
§
How+you+organize+your+society
§
Instead+of+seeking+good+people,+seek+good+law
§
"Politea"+=+third+best+form
○
Tyranny+is+worst+form+of+government
○
Accepts+slavery,+even+sees+it+as+natural+or+as+a+necessity
○
His+focus+is+virtue+and+politics
○
The+citizen+who+is+wise+and+virtuous+allows+them+to+make+good+decisions+for+the+city,+anyone+who+doesn't+
live+with+reason+is+a+slave
○
Proportional*equality*vs.*arithmetic*equality
○
Aristotle•
Radicals+-thought+independence+was+necessarily+far+before+others
§
Wanted+to+bring+others+over+to+the+side+of+independence
§
Rule+of+Law□
Separation+of+Power□
May+1776,+all+colonies+should+write+their+own+declarations+and+laws+and+declare+independence
§
Athenians:+everyone+did+everything
§
American:+divide+up+power+and+responsibilities
§
Word+philosophers+use+to+talk+about+arguments□
Human+beings+die,+Bill+Gates+is+a+human+being,+so+Bill+Gates+will+die□
Syllogism
§
John+Adams+and+Richard+Henry+Lee
○
Pre-Industrial+•
Slavery+was+a+feature+of+the+American+colony
○
From+the+moment+the+declaration+was+signed,+people+used+it+in+favor+of+abolition
○
Change+in+global+economy+that+entrenched+slavery
○
Industrialization+of+cotton+gin
○
American+Colony•
Slavery:+open+question,+no+longer+a+given
○
Basis+of+membership:+family+or+individual?+Started+to+change
○
Role+of+law:+much+more+prominent+place+for+modern+democracy+vs.+ancient+democracy
○
Degree+of+participation+in+politics:+high+commitment+to+participation
○
Role+of+education:+Thomas+Jefferson+and+John+Adams+strong+advocate+of+public+education
○
Right+of+revolution:
○
Definition+of+liberty:
○
Relationship+between+liberty+and+equality:+all+men+are+created+equal,+seeking+freedom+from+domination+
from+the+British,+wanted+to+create+a+colony+that+relied+on+freedom
○
Themes+Across+Time+(pre-post+industrialization)•
Wanted+to+achieve+social+equality
○
Account+of+what+people+should+come+to+expect
§
Purpose+is+to+provide+a+standard+so+people+can+compare+grievances+to+list+of+rights
○
Tax+policy:+Declaration+doesn't+engage+deeply+in+economic+questions
○
Declarations+of+Rights+of+Man+(France)+??•
Commerce+has+put+money+into+circulation+in+a+way+that+alludes+control
○
Two+kinds+of+liberty:+kind+of+liberty+to+participate+in+politics+and+kind+of+liberty+to+participate+in+commercial+
process
○
People+no+longer+have+the+time+to+participate+in+politics+as+actively
○
Political+liberty+is+indispensable
○
Commerce+and+Circulation•
Democracy*Ancient*and*Modern:*or*a*Story*about*Liberty*and*Equality
Week$Two$(Danielle$Allen)
Monday,+February+1,+2016
12:50+PM
Demagogues
§
Consensus+and+the+national+interest
§
Community
§
Author+of+Democracy)Ancient)and)Modern
○
Moses+Finley•
Justice
§
Constitution
§
Democracy
§
Virtue
§
Citizenship
§
Cosmopolitanism
§
Republic
§
Sovereignty
§
Author+of+The)Birth)of)Politics
○
Melissa+Lane•
We+the+People+=+referring+to+the+poor•
Instead+of+Ancient+and+Modern…+Ancient,+Pre-industrial,+and+Post-industrial•
Pericles
○
Aristotle
○
Ancient•
Declaration+of+independence
○
Federalist+papers
○
Declaration+of+the+Rights+of+Man+and+Citizen
○
Pre-Industrial•
Benjamin+constant
○
Purna+Swaraj
○
UN+Declaration+of+Human+Rights
○
Post-Industrial•
Promotes+social+crises
§
Slaver/Division+of+Labor
○
Basis+of+Membership+(families)
○
Role+of+Law
○
Voted+on+questions+of+war,+trade,+etc□
No+slaves+or+outsiders
®
All+Athenians+participated□
Adult+male+was+representative+for+family□
Idiotas:+anyone+who+didn't+participate+in+politics□
Women+should+never+be+spoken+or+heard+of□
All+Athenians+(men)+rotated+into+a+position+in+the+6,000+person+assembly
§
Degree+of+Participation+in+Politics
○
Participating+in+politics+is+how+Athenians+became+educated
§
Role+of+Education
○
No+such+thing
§
Anytime+there+was+a+threat+to+democracy+it+was+illegitimate
§
Right+of+Evolution
○
Definition+of+Liberty
○
Completely+bound+to+one+another
§
Rich+=+free
§
Poor+=+slave
§
Freedom+was+limited+to+people+with+wealth
§
Freedom+required+political+equality
§
Relation+between+liberty+and+equality
○
Themes+across+time•
Father+was+a+physician+for+Philip+(father+of+Alexander+the+Great)
○
Studied+with+Plato
○
Gives+account+of+democracy+although+not+in+favor+of+it
○
Argues+that+the+best+city+is+the+one+that+achieves+justice
○
Pursue+the+"good+life"
○
Monarchy+is+best+form+of+society,+however+difficult+to+always+have+the+best+man+in+charge
○
Aristocracy+becomes+second+best+form+of+government
○
The+affairs+of+the+city+-"Constitution"
§
How+you+organize+your+society
§
Instead+of+seeking+good+people,+seek+good+law
§
"Politea"+=+third+best+form
○
Tyranny+is+worst+form+of+government
○
Accepts+slavery,+even+sees+it+as+natural+or+as+a+necessity
○
His+focus+is+virtue+and+politics
○
The+citizen+who+is+wise+and+virtuous+allows+them+to+make+good+decisions+for+the+city,+anyone+who+doesn't+
live+with+reason+is+a+slave
○
Proportional*equality*vs.*arithmetic*equality
○
Aristotle•
Radicals+-thought+independence+was+necessarily+far+before+others
§
Wanted+to+bring+others+over+to+the+side+of+independence
§
Rule+of+Law□
Separation+of+Power□
May+1776,+all+colonies+should+write+their+own+declarations+and+laws+and+declare+independence
§
Athenians:+everyone+did+everything
§
American:+divide+up+power+and+responsibilities
§
Word+philosophers+use+to+talk+about+arguments□
Human+beings+die,+Bill+Gates+is+a+human+being,+so+Bill+Gates+will+die□
Syllogism
§
John+Adams+and+Richard+Henry+Lee
○
Pre-Industrial+•
Slavery+was+a+feature+of+the+American+colony
○
From+the+moment+the+declaration+was+signed,+people+used+it+in+favor+of+abolition
○
Change+in+global+economy+that+entrenched+slavery
○
Industrialization+of+cotton+gin
○
American+Colony•
Slavery:+open+question,+no+longer+a+given
○
Basis+of+membership:+family+or+individual?+Started+to+change
○
Role+of+law:+much+more+prominent+place+for+modern+democracy+vs.+ancient+democracy
○
Degree+of+participation+in+politics:+high+commitment+to+participation
○
Role+of+education:+Thomas+Jefferson+and+John+Adams+strong+advocate+of+public+education
○
Right+of+revolution:
○
Definition+of+liberty:
○
Relationship+between+liberty+and+equality:+all+men+are+created+equal,+seeking+freedom+from+domination+
from+the+British,+wanted+to+create+a+colony+that+relied+on+freedom
○
Themes+Across+Time+(pre-post+industrialization)•
Wanted+to+achieve+social+equality
○
Account+of+what+people+should+come+to+expect
§
Purpose+is+to+provide+a+standard+so+people+can+compare+grievances+to+list+of+rights
○
Tax+policy:+Declaration+doesn't+engage+deeply+in+economic+questions
○
Declarations+of+Rights+of+Man+(France)+??•
Commerce+has+put+money+into+circulation+in+a+way+that+alludes+control
○
Two+kinds+of+liberty:+kind+of+liberty+to+participate+in+politics+and+kind+of+liberty+to+participate+in+commercial+
process
○
People+no+longer+have+the+time+to+participate+in+politics+as+actively
○
Political+liberty+is+indispensable
○
Commerce+and+Circulation•
Democracy*Ancient*and*Modern:*or*a*Story*about*Liberty*and*Equality
Week$Two$(Danielle$Allen)
Monday,+February+1,+2016 12:50+PM
Demagogues
§
Consensus+and+the+national+interest
§
Community
§
Author+of+Democracy)Ancient)and)Modern
○
Moses+Finley•
Justice
§
Constitution
§
Democracy
§
Virtue
§
Citizenship
§
Cosmopolitanism
§
Republic
§
Sovereignty
§
Author+of+The)Birth)of)Politics
○
Melissa+Lane•
We+the+People+=+referring+to+the+poor•
Instead+of+Ancient+and+Modern…+Ancient,+Pre-industrial,+and+Post-industrial•
Pericles
○
Aristotle
○
Ancient•
Declaration+of+independence
○
Federalist+papers
○
Declaration+of+the+Rights+of+Man+and+Citizen
○
Pre-Industrial•
Benjamin+constant
○
Purna+Swaraj
○
UN+Declaration+of+Human+Rights
○
Post-Industrial•
Promotes+social+crises
§
Slaver/Division+of+Labor
○
Basis+of+Membership+(families)
○
Role+of+Law
○
Voted+on+questions+of+war,+trade,+etc
□
No+slaves+or+outsiders
®
All+Athenians+participated
□
Adult+male+was+representative+for+family
□
Idiotas:+anyone+who+didn't+participate+in+politics
□
Women+should+never+be+spoken+or+heard+of
□
All+Athenians+(men)+rotated+into+a+position+in+the+6,000+person+assembly
§
Degree+of+Participation+in+Politics
○
Participating+in+politics+is+how+Athenians+became+educated
§
Role+of+Education
○
No+such+thing
§
Anytime+there+was+a+threat+to+democracy+it+was+illegitimate
§
Right+of+Evolution
○
Definition+of+Liberty
○
Completely+bound+to+one+another
§
Rich+=+free
§
Poor+=+slave
§
Freedom+was+limited+to+people+with+wealth
§
Freedom+required+political+equality
§
Relation+between+liberty+and+equality
○
Themes+across+time•
Father+was+a+physician+for+Philip+(father+of+Alexander+the+Great)
○
Studied+with+Plato
○
Gives+account+of+democracy+although+not+in+favor+of+it
○
Argues+that+the+best+city+is+the+one+that+achieves+justice
○
Pursue+the+"good+life"
○
Monarchy+is+best+form+of+society,+however+difficult+to+always+have+the+best+man+in+charge
○
Aristocracy+becomes+second+best+form+of+government
○
The+affairs+of+the+city+-"Constitution"
§
How+you+organize+your+society
§
Instead+of+seeking+good+people,+seek+good+law
§
"Politea"+=+third+best+form
○
Tyranny+is+worst+form+of+government
○
Accepts+slavery,+even+sees+it+as+natural+or+as+a+necessity
○
His+focus+is+virtue+and+politics
○
The+citizen+who+is+wise+and+virtuous+allows+them+to+make+good+decisions+for+the+city,+anyone+who+doesn't+
live+with+reason+is+a+slave
○
Proportional*equality*vs.*arithmetic*equality
○
Aristotle
•
Radicals+-thought+independence+was+necessarily+far+before+others
§
Wanted+to+bring+others+over+to+the+side+of+independence
§
Rule+of+Law□
Separation+of+Power□
May+1776,+all+colonies+should+write+their+own+declarations+and+laws+and+declare+independence
§
Athenians:+everyone+did+everything
§
American:+divide+up+power+and+responsibilities
§
Word+philosophers+use+to+talk+about+arguments□
Human+beings+die,+Bill+Gates+is+a+human+being,+so+Bill+Gates+will+die□
Syllogism
§
John+Adams+and+Richard+Henry+Lee
○
Pre-Industrial+•
Slavery+was+a+feature+of+the+American+colony
○
From+the+moment+the+declaration+was+signed,+people+used+it+in+favor+of+abolition
○
Change+in+global+economy+that+entrenched+slavery
○
Industrialization+of+cotton+gin
○
American+Colony•
Slavery:+open+question,+no+longer+a+given
○
Basis+of+membership:+family+or+individual?+Started+to+change
○
Role+of+law:+much+more+prominent+place+for+modern+democracy+vs.+ancient+democracy
○
Degree+of+participation+in+politics:+high+commitment+to+participation
○
Role+of+education:+Thomas+Jefferson+and+John+Adams+strong+advocate+of+public+education
○
Right+of+revolution:
○
Definition+of+liberty:
○
Relationship+between+liberty+and+equality:+all+men+are+created+equal,+seeking+freedom+from+domination+
from+the+British,+wanted+to+create+a+colony+that+relied+on+freedom
○
Themes+Across+Time+(pre-post+industrialization)•
Wanted+to+achieve+social+equality
○
Account+of+what+people+should+come+to+expect
§
Purpose+is+to+provide+a+standard+so+people+can+compare+grievances+to+list+of+rights
○
Tax+policy:+Declaration+doesn't+engage+deeply+in+economic+questions
○
Declarations+of+Rights+of+Man+(France)+??•
Commerce+has+put+money+into+circulation+in+a+way+that+alludes+control
○
Two+kinds+of+liberty:+kind+of+liberty+to+participate+in+politics+and+kind+of+liberty+to+participate+in+commercial+
process
○
People+no+longer+have+the+time+to+participate+in+politics+as+actively
○
Political+liberty+is+indispensable
○
Commerce+and+Circulation•
Democracy*Ancient*and*Modern:*or*a*Story*about*Liberty*and*Equality
Week$Two$(Danielle$Allen)
Monday,+February+1,+2016 12:50+PM
Document Summary
Democracy ancient and modern: or a story about liberty and equality. We the people = referring to the poor. Instead of ancient and modern ancient, pre-industrial, and post-industrial. Declaration of the rights of man and citizen. All athenians (men) rotated into a position in the 6,000 person assembly. Women should never be spoken or heard of. Participating in politics is how athenians became educated. Anytime there was a threat to democracy it was illegitimate. Father was a physician for philip (father of alexander the great) Gives account of democracy although not in favor of it. Argues that the best city is the one that achieves justice. Monarchy is best form of society, however difficult to always have the best man in c. Instead of seeking good people, seek good law. Accepts slavery, even sees it as natural or as a necessity.