BSC 196 Lecture Notes - Lecture 7: Flightless Cormorant, Sympatric Speciation, Species Problem

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17 Feb 2017
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Process by which one species split into two or more species. Microevolution- changes in allele frequency in a population over time (small scale) Macroevolution- speciation events that lead to a new group of organisms (mammals, flowering plants, etc ) (large scale) Mutation, selection, and genetic drift operate independently in each species. If populations do not hybridize or only produce infertile offspring, then they must be different species. Group of population whose members can exchange genes and that are reproductively isolated from other groups. Criterion of gene exchange does not apply to asexual species. Difficult to apply to species that are geographically separated. Reduction in gene flow from one population to another. Element critical to both mechanisms: separation of gene pools. Involves geographic barriers that prevent gene flow. E. g. , dispersal- flightless cormorant in galapagos probably migrated from mainland and lost ability to fly due to lack of predators. Vicariance events: geologic events that lead to physical division of populations.

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