BSC 197 Lecture Notes - Lecture 22: Thymine, Reading Frame, Uracil
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29 Dec 2016
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The information content of dna is in the form of speci c sequences of nucleotides. The dna inherited by an organism leads to speci c traits by dictating the synthesis of proteins. Proteins are the links between genotype and phenotype. Gene expression, the process by which dna directs protein synthesis, includes two stages: transcription and translation. Rna is the intermediate between genes and the proteins for which they code. Transcription is the synthesis of rna under the direction of dna. Translation is the synthesis of a polypeptide, which occurs under the direction of mrna. In prokaryotes, mrna produced by transcription is immediately translated without more processing. In a eukaryotic cell, the nuclear envelope separates transcription from translation. Eukaryotic rna transcripts are modi ed through rna processing to yield nished mrna. A primary transcript is the initial rna transcript from any gene. The central dogma is the concept that cells are governed by a cellular chain of command: dna rna protein.
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