FCS 102 Lecture Notes - Lecture 7: Ketone Bodies, Ketogenesis, Nutrient
29 May 2018
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FCS 102: Fundamentals of Nutrition
Chapter 7 Assignment – Fed vs. Fasted State (15 points)
Due 6/5/16 by 11:59 pm
Name: Gabriella Vazquez
Directions: After reading the chapter and watching the YouTube videos, please complete this
worksheet. Detail the metabolic processes that are occurring for each macronutrient during the fed and
fasted state. (5 points for each macronutrient – or 2.5 points for fed and fasted for each macronutrient).
Macronutrient
Fed/Feasting
Fasted
Carbohydrates
Digestion begins in the mouth
and is then transported across
the intestinal wall and enters
the bloodstream as sugar. It
usually results in the production
of glucose molecules (most
efficient source of energy/ATP)
for our muscles/brain. This
energy is used for cell repair,
growth & functioning.
Carbs are combined with fats and
protein to become metabolized
into Acetyl-CoA (major metabolic
pathway), which is an important
part of creating the energy
molecule ATP in the mitochondria.
About 2-4 hours after a meal
(fasting state begins), blood
glucose drops to normal level.
Glucagon is released and triggers
the release of glycogen and fatty
acids to fuel the body until the next
meal arrives. After 3 days of
fasting, stored glycogen in the
liver/muscles is exhausted, insulin
drops, body starts using its stored
fat.
Fat
Digestion begins in the stomach
and small intestine, then
transported across the
intestinal wall and enters
lymphatic system into the
adipose tissue. If extra energy is
needed shortly after eating, the
dietary fats/sugars that were
just ingested will be processed
and used immediately. If not,
excess dietary fat is stored as
triglycerides in adipose tissues.
Glucose and insulin levels start to
drop; glycogen and triglyceride
storage slows. The hormone
glucagon is released from pancreas
and acts upon the liver cells
(synthesis of glycogen/stimulates
breakdown of glycogen back into
glucose. Gluconeogenesis will
begin in the liver to replace glucose
that has been used. Fatty acids are
also converted to ketone bodies
(ketogenesis), which are then
deposited into the circulation to be
used for fuel by skeletal
muscles/brain
Protein
Digestion begins in the stomach
and small intestine, then
transported across the
intestinal wall and enter the
blood stream as amino acids
proteins. They’re then
transported to the liver/adipose
tissue/ muscles tissues that will
either use/store the energy.
After the body starts burning fat
and draws glycogen from the
liver (if fasting continues for a
longer time), it may start to
break down nonessential
proteins for energy. Since
protein is the last source of
stored energy available to the
body, it’s also the fuel of last
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Document Summary
Chapter 7 assignment fed vs. fasted state (15 points) Directions: after reading the chapter and watching the youtube videos, please complete this worksheet. Detail the metabolic processes that are occurring for each macronutrient during the fed and fasted state. (5 points for each macronutrient or 2. 5 points for fed and fasted for each macronutrient). Digestion begins in the mouth and is then transported across the intestinal wall and enters the bloodstream as sugar. It usually results in the production of glucose molecules (most efficient source of energy/atp) for our muscles/brain. This energy is used for cell repair, growth & functioning. Digestion begins in the stomach and small intestine, then transported across the intestinal wall and enters lymphatic system into the adipose tissue. If extra energy is needed shortly after eating, the dietary fats/sugars that were just ingested will be processed and used immediately. If not, excess dietary fat is stored as triglycerides in adipose tissues.
