HSC 156 Lecture Notes - Lecture 4: Habitat Destruction, Wise Use Movement, Endangered Species Act Of 1973

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19 Jun 2018
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HSC 156 Study Guide for Exam #4
1. What is acid deposition?
Any form of precipitation that includes Nitric and Sulfuric acids which can be carried by wind
2. Explain the effects of acid rain
Leach nutrients in the ground
Kill nitrogen-fixing microorganisms that nourish plants
Kill fish
Release toxic metals
3. What are acid rain controls?
Fuel Switching
Coal Washing
Scrubbers
Fluidized bed combustion
Reduced consumption of electric
4. What have researchers concluded in the case study Weird Weather?
Problems in southwest with long-term droughts
Rising temps is correlation with high levels of CO2
Concluded: Smart planting of communities and transportation systems
5. Describe the "Greenhouse Effect"
Sun’s rays striking the earth, and some are converted to infrared radiation that is transmitted back to
space
i. Absorbed by greenhouse gases
1. More absorbed, more released
6. What are the greenhouse gases?
Carbon Dioxide (#1: 80%)
Water Vapor (~2%)
Methane (10%
i. Human and natural sources
Nitrous Oxide (~5%)
CFC (~3%)
7. Describe the major impacts of global warming
Diminishing Crop Yields
Loss of Biodiversity
Rising Sea Levels
Human Illnesses
8. What was the Kyoto Protocol?
Treaty that required developed countries to cut greenhouse gas emissions >5%
9. Are there feasible alternatives to address global warming concerns? What are they?
Walk/Recycle
Ride Bike/Public Transportation
10. What is the ozone layer? Where is it? Is this good ozone or bad ozone?
Generated in the stratosphere by the action of UV on O2
Amounts of ozone vary depending on location and season of the year
Most UV is absorbed by ozone layer
Existence of the ozone layer is of GREAT biological significance
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i. Without out ozone layer it can cause skin cancer, cataracts, and damage to plants and aquatic
organisms
11. Explain the effects of destruction of ozone
CFCs are released into the sky, chlorine and bromine atoms convert ozone to oxygen, which will reduce
the amount of ozone in the atmosphere
Allows for more UV to penetrate Earth
Cause health effects, damage crops and cause more smog
12. What are UV health effects?
Cataracts
Lung problems
Premature skin aging
Blindness
Damage to immune system
Skin cancers
13. Discuss the problem with the “hole in the sky”
Evidence has proven a direct link between ozone layer destruction and CFC emissions
Ozone loss has stabilized because of Montreal Protocol
i. Some improvements
14. What was the Policy Response-Montreal Protocol?
Ozone depletion presents a major threat to life on earth
Aimed at controlling the chemicals most responsible for ozone layer depletion
Mostly dealt with CFC reduction, halt CFC’s entirely since by 1999
15. Describe what happened during the great London smog of 1952.
Soot was released because of coal burning
Killed over 12,000 people, hundreds of cattle
16. What is the difference between primary and secondary pollutants?
Primary:
i. Stationary, NO2, CO2, CO, SO2
Secondary:
i. Created in the air
ii. Most NO3- and SO42-
17. Which source of air pollution is easiest to control?
Primary Pollutants (Stationary)
18. What is an inversion? (be able to describe it)
When warm weather is trapped between 2 layers of cold air
i. Prevents warm air from rising and results in accumulation of pollutants near the ground
19. What are Ambient Air Standards?
Maximum amount of pollutants that can be in the air
20. What are two kinds of smog?
Industrial Smog:
i. Irritating, grayish mixture of soot, sulfurous compounds and water vapor from burning coal
Photochemical Smog:
i. Brownish Haze. Comes from cars and trucks and sunlight strikes the chemicals being released
ii. Secondary Pollutant
21. List some of the major air pollutants
Acid Rain
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