PSY 110 Lecture Notes - Lecture 1: Hypothalamus, Zygote, Psychology Today

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29 May 2018
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Psychology 110
Psychology: the systematic, objective study of mental activity and behavior
Structuralism: idea by Edward Titchener, based off of the idea that conscious experience can be
broken down into underlying parts, so psychologists could understand the basic elements of
conscious experience and the mind
Functionalism: the mind came into existence over the course of human evolution, William
Jaes’s idea, the id helps huas adapt to eioetal deads
Natural Selection: fittest ees lie loge, hih eas the hae oe oppotuities to
reproduce
Psychoanalysis: Sigmund Freud discovered the connects between psychology and physical
problems, human behavior is determined by mental processes that operate below the level of
consciousness
Gestalt Theory: developed in opposition of structuralism, Max Wertheimer and Wolfgang
Köhler, the idea of understanding how people perceive information
Behaviorism: investigates the observable environmental effects on behavior
Cognitive Psychology: investigating mental functions like intelligence, thinking, language,
attention, learning, memory, problem solving, and decision making
Social Psychology: focuses on the power of situations and the way people are shaped by their
interactions with one another
Culture: made up of beliefs, values, norms, and customs that people learn from one another
when they share a common language/environment
Institutional Review Boards (IRBs): the guardians of ethical guidelines at schools/other
institutions where research is conducted, consists of trained scholars, legal advisers, etc.
Scientific Method: requires psychologists to follow carefully planned steps
Theory: vague, general stating something, can be proven wrong
Hypothesis: specific, testable prediction about your theory
Observational Studies: specific type of descriptive methods that involve systematically
assessing/coding observable behavior
Self-Report: involves asking questions of research participants, gather data from a lot of
patiipats  usig sues ad uestioaies, ould potetiall lead to people’s ases
involving personal biases
Case Studies: involve intensive examination of a few people/organizations
Correlation Methods: let psychologists look at 2 factors at the same time, the closer to 0, the
little/no correlation, the closer to -1/1, the greater the correlation, - means negative
correlation, + means positive correlation
Random Sample: participants should be assigned randomly, which will ensure that the groups
are alike
Nervous System: network of billions of cells in the brain/body, has 3 basic functions: 1) receive
sensory info from the world through senses, 2) process info in the brain by paying attention to
it, 3) respond to the info by acting upon it
Peripheral Nervous System: connects the brain and spinal cord to the rest of the body
Neurons: smaller units in the nervous system, receive, integrate, and transmit info in the
nervous system
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Document Summary

Psychology: the systematic, objective study of mental activity and behavior. Structuralism: idea by edward titchener, based off of the idea that conscious experience can be broken down into underlying parts, so psychologists could understand the basic elements of conscious experience and the mind. Functionalism: the mind came into existence over the course of human evolution, william. Ja(cid:373)es"s idea, the (cid:373)i(cid:374)d helps hu(cid:373)a(cid:374)s adapt to e(cid:374)(cid:448)i(cid:396)o(cid:374)(cid:373)e(cid:374)tal de(cid:373)a(cid:374)ds. Natural selection: (cid:862)fittest(cid:863) (cid:373)e(cid:373)(cid:271)e(cid:396)s li(cid:448)e lo(cid:374)ge(cid:396), (cid:449)hi(cid:272)h (cid:373)ea(cid:374)s the(cid:455) ha(cid:448)e (cid:373)o(cid:396)e oppo(cid:396)tu(cid:374)ities to reproduce. Psychoanalysis: sigmund freud discovered the connects between psychology and physical problems, human behavior is determined by mental processes that operate below the level of consciousness. Gestalt theory: developed in opposition of structuralism, max wertheimer and wolfgang. K hler, the idea of understanding how people perceive information. Behaviorism: investigates the observable environmental effects on behavior. Cognitive psychology: investigating mental functions like intelligence, thinking, language, attention, learning, memory, problem solving, and decision making.

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