BIOL-M 250 Lecture Notes - Lecture 9: Pyruvic Acid, Ion Channel, Phosphorylation
Document Summary
1st law: matter is neither created or destroyed. 2nd law: systems tend to lose order~ resists concentration of particles ex: diffusion: 3rd law: systems tend to lose free energy: substance, permeability relative to water (%, water, 100 (not freely permeable, glycerol, 0. 1, glucose, 0. 001, chloride (-, 0. 000001, potassium (+, 0. 0000001, sodium (+, 0. 00000001. Membrane permeability: diffusion restricted by membrane permeability barrier. Transport: moving molecules form out of cell into the cell * substrate: molecule being transported. Up to 20% of total genetic material may be dedicated to transport proteins: types of transport: passive diffusion, facilitated diffusion, primary active transport, secondary active transport, pts. Passive diffusion: molecules pass directly through membrane, requires gradient, diffusion rate depends on concentration difference. Secondary active transport: diffusion of 1 molecule is used to pump another molecule against a gradient can concentrate substrate. Couples more favorable transport of one molecule to the unfavorable transport of another.
