SPHS-S 108 Lecture Notes - Lecture 16: Brain Injury, Agrammatism, Transcortical Sensory Aphasia

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Acquired Neurological Language Disorders
Aphasia
Acquired language disorder resulting from brain damage, usually to the left hemisphere
o Naming problems
o Fluency problems
o Auditory comprehension problems
o Repetition problems
o Sentence Planning and Production problems
Agrammatism
Classification: Broca’s Aphasia
Lesion to Broca’s Area (posterior inferior frontal gyrus)
Non-fluent, awkward verbal expression
Slow rate of speech with flat prosody
Short phrases and sentences
o Agrammatism lack of the function words; string 3 to 4 words in an utterance
but they are typically content words
Naming errors
Auditory comprehension is minimally impaired
Classification: Wernicke’s Aphasia
Damage to Wernicke’s Aphasia
o Superior posterior first temporal gyrus
Fluent Speech, typically prosody
Verbal paraphasia switch out symantic related words (fork for spoon)
Neologisms
Poor repetition
Impaired auditory comprehension
Impaired reading and writing
o Writing reflects oral expression deficits
Classification: Conduction Aphasia
Damage to the arcuate fasciculus
Hallmark Behavior: poor repetition
Minimally impaired auditory comprehension
Good spontaneous speech; fluent
Literal paraphasias: (pork for fork)
o Deficit to phonological unit selection and encoding
Try to correct phonemic errors
Classification: Anomic Aphasia
Without words
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Document Summary

Aphasia: acquired language disorder resulting from brain damage, usually to the left hemisphere, naming problems, fluency problems, auditory comprehension problems, repetition problems, sentence planning and production problems, agrammatism. Classificatio(cid:374): wer(cid:374)icke"s aphasia: da(cid:373)age to wer(cid:374)icke"s aphasia, superior posterior first temporal gyrus, fluent speech, typically prosody, verbal paraphasia switch out symantic related words (fork for spoon, neologisms, poor repetition. Impaired reading and writing: writing reflects oral expression deficits. Classification: conduction aphasia: damage to the arcuate fasciculus, hallmark behavior: poor repetition, minimally impaired auditory comprehension, good spontaneous speech; fluent, literal paraphasias: (pork for fork, deficit to phonological unit selection and encoding, try to correct phonemic errors. Inferior parietal/posterior temporal lobe damage: word-finding problems, difficulty retrieving names of objects, pictures, concepts, paraphasias and circumlocutions, fluent speech, good comprehension and repetition. Classical: transcortical aphasias: widespread damage to the frontal lobe. Issues with programming sequential movements: transcortical motor aphasia, widespread damage.

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